社會給付權利之憲法保障與社會政策之形成空間：以德國聯邦憲法法院關於年金財產權保障及最低生存權保障之判決為中心

Social Rights under the Dilemma between the Constitutional Guarantee and the Social Policy Changing: A Comparative Study of Adjudications of German Federal Constitutional Court on the Issues of Old Age Pensions and Subsistence Minimum

孫迺翊(Nai-Yi Sun)

《臺大法學論叢》 41卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 445-516

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2012.41.02.01

摘要

憲法社會福利國之實現，需要立法者制定法律、建立社會安全制度加以落實，而社會安全制度之維繫，與國家財政能力以及社會、經濟、人口等因素密切相關，經常需要修正或調整。在此前提下，社會給付權利究竟應該受到多少程度之憲法保障、是否可能因此限縮立法者的政策裁量空間，進而阻礙必要的調整與改革，我國學說與大法官解釋對此討論不多。本文以社會保險年金請求權之財產權保障以及符合人性尊嚴之最低生存保障為例，介紹德國聯邦憲法法院判決之論理方式，詳細說明法院如何將社會政策動態調整需求納入憲法論證過程、法院判決又如何成為制度改革的推動力，而人民的社會給付請求權究竟獲得何種程度的憲法保障，以為我國之借鏡。

關鍵字

社會給付請求權 ； 生存權 ； 基本國策 ； 年金權利 ； 財產權 ； 社會政策 ； 最低生存標準 ； 人性尊嚴

並列摘要

Constructing and maintaining the social security systems which aim to realize the constitutional clauses of the welfare state are based on the current governmental financial capacity; and the economics, social and demographical conditions. Because of dynamic changing of those conditions the policy makers keep on modifying and adjusting the social rights provided by the social security laws. How far could the social rights be protected by the constitution law against the adaption? Would the constitutional guarantee of social rights hinder the necessary reform of social policy? Such questions aren't discussed sufficiently in the theses in our country and the constitutional interpretations of Judicial Yuan.This article will focus on the issues of rights of old age pensions created by the social insurance and rights of subsistence minimum provided by the public assistance systems, and analyze how the German Federal Constitutional Court brings the considerations of dynamical characters of social policies into the legal doctrines. Thereby it has clarified precisely the extent of constitutional proprietorship of old age pensions, and also developed procedural requirements to strengthen constitutional examining of contents of subsistence minimum. The thinking path of the German adjudications provides a mode of interactive argumentations between constitutional interpretations and dynamical changing on the social policies. All in all, the theses and verdicts in Germany are worthwhile for us to refer to the judicial review on the issues of constitutional guarantee of social rights.

並列關鍵字

social rights ； right to existence ； fundamental state policies ； right of old age pensions ； property ； social policy ； subsistenceminimum ； dignity

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