以統計方法探討物流中心設置地點的選擇問題

近年來經濟持續發展、消費型態與行銷通路的改變，以致專業物流的角色更趨重要。企業在講求時效與滿足消費者多樣化需求的情況下紛紛成立物流中心，以強化配送效率與經營績效。由於物流中心是整體流通體系的一環，它是聯結供應商、代理商、零售商與消費者的橋樑；此外，物流中心於物品配銷過程中亦扮演集中分配的角色，具有訂單處理、倉儲管理、流通加工、揀貨配送、採購等功能。因此，在垂直整合方面，物流中心效用可縮短上、下游產業流通過程，提升配送效率，進而減少產銷差距；在水平整合方面，其可進行同業、異業交流整合和支援，合理降低成本。由於物流中心廠址評選的過程涉及企業的經營管理與策略規劃，加上工程技術上的不確定性與評估準則不易量化等因素，使得廠址評選的問題變得十分複雜。本研究為了了解物流中心選址的問題，先利用相關文獻找出物流中心選址所需考量的所有因素，經過問卷評選出研究架構，依據此架構進行問卷調查，得到之結果再以SPSS10.0系統來分析評選，排列出選址準則之重要性順序。研究結果顯示：送貨位置、配送速度、能源穩定、資訊傳送、進貨便利對於物流中心選址而言是最為重要之考量因素；次則為方便疊貨、運輸完整、對外聯繫、資訊設備；第三重要的準則是環境安全、運輸品質、運輸便利、土地成本、運費，其餘準則之重要程度依序為資訊使用、廠商顧客、環境便利、配送距離、設備成本、環境整潔。

關鍵字

物流中心；選址因素；因素分析；信效度分析

並列摘要

In recent years, with the sustained economic development and the changing of consumption patterns are playing an important role among the professional logistics in marketing. In order to strengthen the delivery efficiency and operations management, the enterprises has begun to establish logistics centers to emphasize on timeliness and satisfaction of consumers diverse. Logistics center is part of the overall circulation system. It is bringing the link between suppliers, agents, retailers and consumers. In addition, the logistics center plays an important role in the goods distribution process and centralized allocation, and to be provided with the order processing, warehouse management, circulation processing, picking and distribution, purchasing and other functions.Therefore, from the perspective of vertical integration, the effectiveness of logistics centers can shorten on the downstream industrial flow process and improve the distribution efficiency, thereby reducing the production and marketing gap; in horizontal integration, which can be conducted to communicate and support, also reduce costs reasonably with the same and different industry.The selection of logistics center site is very complex duo to the selection process involves business management and strategic as well as engineering technical uncertainty and the assessment criteria is not easy to quantified.This study is to understand the problems of logistics center site selection. All the relevant literatures were reviewed in order to indentify the differentiation of requirement of site selection. Questionnaire was employed and the statistic analysis of SPSS10.0 was used to array the significant sequence for site selection criteria.The results show that the delivery location, delivery speed, energy stability, information transfer and purchase convenience will be the most important factors to the logistics center selection. Next are the convenient stacking, transport integrity, external linkages and information equipment. The further criteria are environmental safety, transport quality, transport convenience, land costs and freight. The remaining criteria according to the influence degree are Information utilization, the manufacturer customers, the environment convenience, delivery distance, equipment costs, and environment cleanness.