跳遠支撐階段運動學參數與成績關係之分析

An Analysis on the Relationship between the Results and Different Angles during the Support Phase of Long Jump

陳建勳 ； 游正忠

《長榮運動休閒學刊》 2期 (2008/06) Pp. 26-36

https://doi.org/10.29632/CRYDSSSK.200806.0003

摘要

目的：本研究主要探討男女跳遠選手起跳階段不同角度的動作特徵對成績表現之影響。方法：以三部每秒60張畫面的攝影機(Canon ZR-60)，拍攝2005年國際田徑邀請賽決賽八位選手為受試者，以Dempster (1955)14個肢段、21個關節點的人體模型，透過Kwon3D動作分析器實施二度空間的影片分析。結果與結論：一、女子重心騰起角度與成績達顯著相關(r=.927, p＜.05)，適度增加重心騰起角度將有利於成績表現。二、男子在起跳角與垂直速度達顯著相關意義(r=.882, p＜.05)，即較大的起跳角有利於垂直速度獲得。三、較小的扇角角度顯示男女選手在支撐階段能夠儘可能減少煞車力，增加後期蹬伸力量，有利垂直速度的獲得。四、支撐階段起跳腿著地至緩衝點時髖關節角度並非呈現逐漸下降的情形，顯示髖關節並不是腳著地時下肢關節緩衝垂直力量的主要關節。建議：適度增加重心騰起角度及減少支撐階段軀幹角度變化，將有利於成績的表現。

關鍵字

起跳角 ； 軀幹角度 ； 支撐階段

並列摘要

Purpose: To explore the influence of male and female long jump athletes' different angles during the support phase on their actual performance. Method: This study used three cameras with a speed of 60 frames per second to record the jumpers performance in the 2005 International Track and Field Competition. According the Dempster model(1955) to record 14-segments and 21-joint points on the jumper's performance through the Kwon3D analysis software to analyze the dates. Result and conclusion: 1. Female athletes' hopping angle of the center of gravity significantly correlated with their results. An appropriate increase in the hopping angle of the center of gravity will result in better performance. 2. Male athletes' take-off angle and vertical velocity reached significance, which means a greater take-off angle helps athletes gain more vertical velocity. 3. Smaller sector angle shows that the jumpers can decrease brake force during support phase, and increase the later push off. That will do good in getting the vertical speed. 4. In the support phase, the hip joint angle doesn't decrease gradually during the take off leg landing to buffering. It shows that the hip joint is not the main joint for buffering the vertical force from the lower limbs joints. Suggestion: An increase of the hopping angle of the center of gravity and a decrease of changes in the angle of the trunk during the support phase will contribute to better performance.

並列關鍵字

takeoff angle ； trunk angle ； support phase

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