臺南地區單車運動參與者基本心理需求與自我決定動機之相關研究

The Relationships of Psychological Needs & Self-Determination Motivation of the Cycling Among Cyclists in Tainan Area

陳明斌 ； 卓國雄 ； 洪彰岑

《長榮運動休閒學刊》 8期 (2014/06) Pp. 64-73

摘要

本研究動機是想透過基本心理需求的分析來了解個體從事單車運動的自我決定動機，並藉此協助單車運動愛好者在日常生活中能長期維持單車運動。本研究目的：探討不同性別、年齡、車齡在基本心理需求及自我決定動機之差異及基本心理需求與自我決定動機之相關性。研究對象為臺南地區單車運動參與者，男性148名，女性88名，共236名。研究工具包括基本心理需求及運動動機量表。資料以t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析，結果顯示：一、男性的自主性、勝任感及自我決定動機高於女性；女性在關係感高於男性。二、不同年齡上僅在關係感達顯著差異，46~55歲和56歲以上組顯著低於其它年齡組；自我決定動機56歲以上組顯著低於其他三組。三、不同車齡方面僅勝任成4~5年和6年以上組顯著高於1年以下組；自我決定動機1年以下及1~2年組顯著低於2~3年和4~5年組。四、自主性、勝任感、關係感與自我決定動機呈顯著正相關，其中勝任感與自我決定動機的相關性最高。結論：勝任感是自我決定動機中對參與者影響最大之因素。

關鍵字

自我決定理論 ； 自主性 ； 勝任感 ； 關係感

並列摘要

The purposes of this study was: (a) to explore the difference between different genders in psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) and self-determination motivations of the cycling; (b) to explore the difference among cyclists of all ages in psychological needs and self-determination motivation; (c) to explore the difference of cyclists' cycling years in psychological needs and self-determination motivation; (d) to explore the autonomy, competence and relatedness correlation with self-determination motivation of the cycling. The subjects of the study are the cyclists in Tainan area, and there are 236 valid questionnaires (148 males and 88 females) in total. The measures consist of Autonomy Scale, Competence Scale, Relatedness Scale and Self-determination motivation of the Cycling Scale. The results show that: (a) Between different genders, there is significant difference about autonomy, competence, relatedness and self-determination motivation of the cycling-males' autonomy, competence, and self-determination appear to be higher than females'; however, females' relatedness is higher than males'; (b) There is no significant difference about autonomy and competence with age groups; there is lower relatedness in age 46 to 55 and above 56 groups than that in other groups; there is lower self-motivation of the cycling in above age 56 group than that in age 16 to 25, 25 to 35, 36 to 45 groups; however, there is no significant difference in age 46 to 55 group; (c) There is no significant difference about autonomy and competence in cycling age group; competence rises with increasing cycling age, in terms of descriptive statistics; there is higher competence in 4 to 5 years and above 6 years groups than that in below 1 year group; there is lower self-determination motivation of the cycling in below 1 year and 1 to 2 years groups than that in 2 to 3 and 4 to 5 years groups; however, there is no significant difference in other groups; (d) Autonomy, competence and relatedness show significant positive correlation with self-determination motivation of the cycling, and competence is the highest degree of all.

並列關鍵字

self-determination motivation ； autonomy ； competence ； relatedness

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