由《尚書•堯典》見戰國中晚期儒家之帝王典範

The Yao Standard Politics

周美華(Mei-Hwa Chou)

《玄奘人文學報》 2期 (2004/02) Pp. 143-163

https://doi.org/10.29956/HCHJ.200402.0008

摘要

〈堯典〉為戰國中晚期，儒家所倡導的政治理想及帝王典範。其中「天命」觀是全文主軸，帝王擁有天命，不是圖個人權位，而是以實踐天命於人事，使人民獲得最好的生活為終極目標。為了達成這個理想，帝王終就得禪讓帝王於有德、有能之人，這就是儒家所倡導的「禪讓政策」。換言之，儒家的帝王典範，除了於國計民生、政令推廣，還包含帝王是否遴選及培植理想的接班人。〈堯典〉敘述戰國中晚期，儒家理想中的帝王標準，且以為帝王是由天命決定。帝王即使由天命決定，然帝王又必需以實際作為，才可享有天命。於是天命便跳脫迷信色彩，走向人文精神，這就是「郁郁乎文哉」的周文化內涵。只是儒家的政治理想究竟如何推行？天命觀為何為儒家所堅持的政治根據？這與儒家所倡導的帝王典範有何必然關聯？皆是本文所欲探討的主要內容。

關鍵字

尚書 ； 堯典 ； 堯 ； 舜 ； 禪讓 ； 天命

並列摘要

＜the Yao standard＞ (堯典) politics of principle the later period Confucian scholar initiative thinks of the king model for Warring States in. Among ”the destiny” (天命) is the full text main axle, the destiny and the human affairs is corresponding, the final goal is the practice ”turns over the throne to another the policy”. (禪讓政策) ＜The Yao standard＞ records although mostly is the myth character, the content actually not necessarily is not the antiquity historical data. ＜The Yao standard＞ later period Confucian scholar's politics is ideal except the recording Warring States in, also does not lose for the antiquity historical data the important record. The penetration ＜could the Yao standard＞, how the bright Confucianist unfold the humanities spirit? ”Turns over the throne to another politics” basis why? ”The destiny” does the thought in the Confucianist hand, actually have what to transform? These questions like can the thousandth of a Yuan be clear, to the pre-qin academic thought, or has using of the reference.

並列關鍵字

The Shangshu ； Yao standard ； Yao ； Shun ； turns over the throne to another ； the destiny