孟子“踐形、養氣”論之檢討

On the Discussion of Embodying and Cultivating Ch'I in Mencius Study

張胤賢(Yin-Hsien Chang)

《玄奘人文學報》 7期 (2007/07) Pp. 43-78

https://doi.org/10.29956/HCHJ.200707.0002

摘要

儒學是門實踐性極強的學問，而不是空洞的理論，所以檢證學者的工夫結果，除了日常生活的進退應對外，學者的身體就是最好的報酬，因爲透過身心轉化上的工夫修養，「有諸內，形諸外」，學者身體裡州曹爲道德流行心氣所貫穿，用大學的說法是「德潤身」，苟子則是「君子之學，入乎耳，著乎心，布乎四體，行乎動靜」，在孟子則是「踐形」。本文扣緊孟子「踐形」說爲出發點，認爲孟子所謂「惟聖人然後可以踐形」不能只是形而上的玄思空談，而是要具體落實於學者身軀，正所謂「踐其下」，而「非踐其上」，所以緊跟著「踐形」而來的周邊論述諸如「養氣」「集義」「不動心」「知言」等等就必須僅扣著學者身軀而論，才能獲得較爲具體的輪廓

關鍵字

踐形 ； 集義 ； 知言 ； 不動心 ； 夜氣

並列摘要

This article probes into how it is that spiritual values comes to be incarnated in one's bosy in Mencius' theory. I will deals with three core concepts of Mencius Study, namely, Embodying, understanding words and Cultivating Ch'I. It is an very important theory on the Confucian view of the body, which states that flesh, Ch'I and spirit are in all one. If one cultivated on of the three, the other two would be affected as well. Therefore, one who cultivated himself can embody his body and understand any messages from others; he, finally, could communicate with the cosmic element of Ch'i.

並列關鍵字

understanding words ； accumulating righteousness ； unmoved heart ； embodiment