《尚書》〈胤征〉辰弗集於房考

Investigation on the Sun and the Moon Did Not Meet at the 'Housing' in Yinn Jeng, Shang Shu

王家歆(Chia-Hsin Wang)

《國立臺中技術學院通識教育學報》 2期 (2008/12) Pp. 23-47

https://doi.org/10.7051/JGE.200812.0023

摘要

《古文尚書》〈胤征〉：「乃季秋月朔，辰弗集於房，瞽奏鼓，嗇夫馳，庶人走。」其中「辰弗集於房」歷來都認爲是指日食。雖然《古文尚書》〈胤征〉的真偽尚有待討論。但因爲《左傳》中引用了「辰弗集於房《瞽奏鼓，嗇夫馳，庶人走」，可見這幾個字應該是真的。
本文主要是從考據的角度來研究「辰弗集於房」的意義。全文分成：壹、前言。在前言中提到一些現代學者的研究論文。貳、「辰弗集於房」之真偽。考證結果〈認爲這應該是仲康當時的真實記錄。參、「辰弗集於房」字義考。逐字考證「辰」、「弗」、「集」、「房」4個字的意義。肆、「辰弗集於房」之意義。提出筆者對「辰弗集於房」的解釋。伍、「辰弗集於房」之時間。探討歷代學者對這次日食時間的推算。陸、結論。談到「辰弗集於房」是真的，是日食。
自從清•閻若璩提出128條證據，證明《古文尚書》是偽造之後，一般學者幾乎都認定〈胤征〉也是偽造的，不願意去研究〈胤征〉。因此，在台灣地區很少人討論過〈胤征〉中所提到的仲康日食。本文在撰寫時，主要參考資料是歷代的《尚書》、《左傳》注釋，大陸學者的論文和一些天文書籍。經過本文分析之後，「辰弗集於房」的一些疑難應該能解決。

關鍵字

古文尚書 ； 胤征 ； 辰弗集於房 ； 仲康日食 ； 左傳

並列摘要

Yinn Jeng (one of the chapters in Shang Shu, a book written in ancient characters) recorded: in the first day of lunar September, the sun and the moon did not meet at the 'Housing', the blind beat the drum, the county magistrate ran fast, and ordinary people walked. The sentence the sun and the moon did not meet at the 'Housing' had always been regarded as a solar eclipse. Although the truth of Yinn Jeng deserved further discussion, the sun and the moon did not meet at the 'Housing', the blind beat the drum, the county magistrate ran fast, and ordinary people walked seemed to be truthful due to the fact that they had also been quoted in Zuo Zhuan (an ancient text in China).
This article explored the meaning of the sun and the moon did not meet at the 'Housing' primarily from the viewpoints of textual criticism. The paper was divided into six chapters. Chapter One reviewed the essays of modern scholars. Chapter Two examined the truth of the sun and the moon did not meet at the 'Housing'. The result was that the sentence was the genuine recording of Zhongkang (the fourth Emperor in Shiah Dynasty). Chapter Three focused on the investigation of the meaning of each word of the sun and the moon did not meet at the 'Housing'. Chapter Four centered on the author's interpretation of the whole meaning of the sentence. Chapter Five dealt with the time of the sun and the moon did not meet at the 'Housing'. The time of the solar eclipse estimated by earlier scholars was investigated. Chapter Six drew the conclusion. It was concluded that the sun and the moon did not meet at the 'Housing' was true-it was a solar eclipse.
Since Yan Ruoqu's Si (the scholar in Chin Dynasty) gave 128 evidences and proved the falsehoold of Shang Shu, modern scholars have almost recognized that Yinn Jeng was also a fake and were reluctant to examine it. Consequently, a few people in Taiwan had discussed the solar eclipse occurring in Zhongkang Emperor. The researcher wrote the paper with reference to the interpretations from Shang Shu and Zuo Zhuan, relevant theses by mainland scholars, and the books related to astronomy. After the analyses of the present work, some of the problems regarding the sun and the moon did not meet at the 'Housing' should be able to be solved.

並列關鍵字

Shang Shu in ancient characters ； Yinn Jeng ； the sun and the moon did not meet at the Housing ； the solar eclipse in Zhongkang period ； Zuo Zhuan

參考文獻

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