沈雄《古今詞話》引陶宗儀〈韻記〉考辨

關於宋詞用韻起源，一般多引沈雄《古今詞話•詞品•詳韻》中一段引陶宗儀＜韻記＞做爲參考。然而如〈四庫提要〉對於沈雄《古今詞話》的評價並不高，所引陶氏之言文不見於其書，因此真實性值得商榷。沈氏之語歷來引用者眾，本文試以清人沈雄引陶宗儀＜韻記＞中三個問題較大的地方：「本朝應制頒韻」、「東都朱希真，復爲儗韻亦僅十有六條」及「鄱陽張輯始爲衍義而釋之，洎馮取洽重爲繕錄增補，而韻學稍爲明備通行矣。」三條數語考辨清人沈雄之說。本文撰寫重點在於目前歸納宋詞用韻應爲通語系統十八部的結果來看，出身宋代沖洛通語地區的洛陽朱希真「儗應制詞韻十六條（十六部？）」是否與實際相悖。因此考察朱希真詞用韻分部情形，是最直接有力的方法。

關鍵字

詞韻；宋詞用韻；朱希真詞；儗韻；沈雄古今詞話

並列摘要

When it comes to the origin of the rhymes of the Songci, most of them are cited from Sheng Xiong's ”Gujin Cihua•Cipin•Xiangyun” which refers to Tao Zong-yi's ”Yunji.” However, Sheng Xiong's ”Gujin Cihua” is not highly evaluated in ”Siku Tiyao”, and Tao's words that Sheng quoted can't be seen in ”Yunji”. Therefore, the truthfulness is left for discussion. Sheng Xiong's words have commonly cited. The researcher conducts a research on Sheng Xiong's remarks by focusing on three problems in Sheng's words cited from Tao's ”Yunji”-”Yuan dynasty held an exam and announced the forms of the rhymes,” ”Zhu Xi-zhen in Luoyang drafted 16 rhyme classes,” ”Zhang Ji in Boyang began to explain the rhymes. Until Feng Qu-qia modified and added the meanings of the rhymes, the rhymes became more precise and were more commonly used.” The main research focuses on ”It is concluded there are 18 rhyme classes in the rhymes of the Songci. But Zhu Dun-ru born in Luoyang in Song dynasty pronounced 16 rhyme classes for the exams. Thus, there is a contradiction.” Therefore, studying Zhu Dunru's rhymes is the most direct and powerful way.