從「華容道」戰役論〈毛批〉「三絕」說

〈毛批〉說：「吾以為《三國》有三奇，可稱三絕：諸葛孔明一絕也，關雲長一絕也，曹操亦一絕也。」借此線索可探討「華容道」之役，其初步影響是為構築了「三國鼎立」的局面，且塑造人物形象：「孔明智算以知天意，曹操喘息再得營造契機，關公為忠肝義膽之勇者。」不僅於此，尚可詮釋出當事者深刻用心與影響後續之力量，即為：「孔明是關懷廣泛庶民的政治家，曹操則暴露領導瑕疵的梟雄，關公為生命困局中呈顯出自由意志的英雄。」三人刻劃出人格典範，成為華人思維中的價值選項與批判依據；尤其是關公形象，在孔明、曹操的正負映襯下，更見突出而輝煌，致使「關公」信仰歷久彌新。就此研究視野，本文嘗試證補〈毛批〉觀點，並指出其謬誤處。

關鍵字

三國演義；毛批；對比研究；儒家思想；華人信仰

並列摘要

In Mao's comment ”I thought there were three special people in ”The Romance of Three Kingdoms”. Kongming was the one, Cao Cao was the one, and Guan Yu was the one.” In the same way , the battle of Hau-Roun-Daou(華容道) impacted the statement of ”Three Kingdoms” and the statement of personality in the story : ”Kongming knew God's will wisely ,Cao Cao waited that began to wake up ,and Guan Yu as an allegiance man.” At the mean time, it can exegesis what they impacted in the future. Three men's personality became the chosen and critizen in Chinese research, it tries to correct the Mao's comment and shows the mass in Mao's comment by this issue.