《婦女雜誌》與日本女性：“同為女人”在近代東亞的意涵

The Ladies' Journal and Japanese Women: "Tong Wei Nüren" ("Commonality as Women") in Modern East Asia

須藤瑞代(Mizuyo Sudo) ； 張瓊方

《近代中國婦女史研究》 12期 (2004/12) Pp. 231-255

https://doi.org/10.6352/mhwomen.200412.0231

摘要

《婦女雜誌》在創刊初期給予日本女子很高的評價，然而到了1920年代，對於日本女性的評價突然降低了。恰巧，1920年代也是日文著作大量被翻譯成中文的時期。本文將分析《婦女雜誌》十七年刊行期問的日本女性觀的變遷，並從中考察1920年代的日本女性評價低落的原因。
透過分析《婦女雜誌》中展現出的日本女性觀，可以思索東亞社會中「同爲女人」的意涵。中國女性和日本女性的「同爲女人」意識的建構，並非如向來所說的，僅單純地因爲兩國地理上和歷史上的接近，更重要的是尋求兩國女性都面臨「同樣的問題」的事實。該雜誌導入西方女性所面臨的問題，而將日本女性重新建構成爲面臨共同挑戰的同志。就這樣，一方面內化西方的女性主義，一方面也塑造了東亞社會的「同爲女人」的形象。
透過這樣的分析，本文將考察女性主義和民族主義的關係。清末的女性解放論是把女性與民族主義視爲一體，然而1920年代的《婦女雜誌》則是將女性主義與民族主義分離。如此一來，「中國女人」和「日本女人」才能超越國界和民族主義，而「同爲女人」。

關鍵字

婦女雜誌 ； 女性 ； 日本 ； 性別

並列摘要

The Ladies' Journal (Funü zazhi) in its earliest issues highlighted the achievements of Japanese women, but such favorable appraisals ceased in the 1920s. Coincidently, the 1920s also saw many Japanese writings translated into Chinese. This essay analyzes the changing views towards Japanese women in the Ladies' Journal over the seventeen years from its first issue to its last, and examines why Japanese women suddenly fell into disfavor in the 1920s.
From this analysis of the views towards Japanese women, we can also speculate what exactly the term ”tong wei nüren” (”commonality as women”) meant as it circulated in East Asia, The ideology of ”tong wei nüren” as constructed by Chinese and Japanese women did not simply reflect the proximity of the two countries in geography and history, but resulted from the acknowledgement of women in both countries that they faced ”common problems.” Indeed, the Ladies' Journal introduced the problems that Western women faced as their own on the one hand, and reconstructed Japanese women as comrades who faced similar challenges on the other. As a result, it not only internalized feminism of the West, but also constructed the common image of women (i.e., ”tong wei nüren”) that East Asian societies shared.
Through this analysis, this essay further studies the relationship between feminism and nationalism. In the late Qing, feminism and nationalism were inseparable in the movement for women's emancipation. However, the Ladies' Journal shows that feminism and nationalism became detached from each other in the 1920s. As a result, ”Chinese women” and ”Japanese women” were able to transcend national boundaries and nationalism, and formed alliances with one another through ”tong wei nüren.”

並列關鍵字

Ladies' Journal ； women ； Japan ； gender

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