抗戰初期的知識女青年下鄉─以江西為例的研究

戰時婦運試圖開啟新的局面，國難聲中，團結各階層婦女的口號震天價響。除女知識份子、女學生、女工，這些自二○年代以來即居於婦運主體的婦女屬群外，在救亡圖存的旗幟下，占據婦女人口多數的農婦、家庭婦女也被列入婦女工作亟需發展的對象。抗戰爆發後，大批城市婦女從沿海向內地遷移，她們將婦女解放與民族解放結合，重塑戰時知識婦女的時代任務，以動員農村婦女為工作目標，開創了戰時婦女工作的主要方向。檢視抗戰婦運究竟如何深入一般婦女群眾，實則是探討知識婦女及女幹部們的婦女工作經驗。知識婦女與農村婦女出身不同，期刊、報紙材料所描述的農村婦女動員，並不能視為農婦真實聲音的完全呈現，許多內容不能不考慮是婦女幹部將農婦視作「他者」而有的調查及評述。因此本文研究的焦點即調整為江西省知識婦女的戰時農婦動員。

關鍵字

抗戰；婦女運動；江西；農村動員

並列摘要

The Sino-Japanese War reopened a space for the women's movement to assert its political and social claims after the Northern Expedition. The war saw numerous calls to unite all the women of the nation under the banner of national salvation. Since peasant women the majority of China's women, the women's movement turned to the question of how best to mobilize them. After the war began, a great number of urban women moved inland, and they combined the goal of women's emancipation with the goal of national liberation, thus reconstructing the basic mission of women intellectual youth. The goal of mobilizing peasant women created a new direction during the war, and women intellectual cadres' new work experience taught the women's movement how to go deep into the populace. Journals, newspapers, and public documents did not entirely represent the voices of peasant women, since the lives of the educated youth remained so different, but rather to some extent the ”othering” of peasant women by women cadres. This article thus focuses on the process of the mobilization of peasant women in Jiangxi Province by women intellectual youth during the war.