新式人因扁擔之設計與評估

New Ergonomic Yoke Design and Evaluation

吳水丕(Swei-Pi Wu) ； 陳廷瑋(Ting-Wei Chen) ； 林憶涵(Yi-Han Lin)

《工作與休閒學刊》 5卷1期 (2017/07) Pp. 31-41

https://doi.org/10.6848/JWL.201707_5(1).0003

摘要

攜物作業，特別是高負荷與長途的攜物作業已被許多學者證實與下背痛和肌肉 骨骼傷害有關，為了降低攜物作業對於工人的威脅與傷害，很多學者使用心理物理學法(Psychophysics,簡稱心物法)來探討最大可承受的攜物重量，但有關扁擔式(yoke)的攜物能力研究卻付之闕如。其實在許多情境下，農、漁民和挑夫乃使用扁擔進行攜物的作業，然而由於使用扁擔攜物時常以縱向單肩(前後)的非對稱式進行，對於人體肩膀、軀幹和背部極易造成傷害，也因此本研究乃就人因工程的觀點來設計一新式人因扁擔，並檢定不同扁擔攜物方式對於最大可承受攜物重量的效應。本研究徵募十二位男性受試者參與實驗，自變項為攜物方式(橫向式扁擔、縱向 式扁擔、新式扁擔)和攜物距離(15公尺、30公尺、45公尺)。衡量效標為最大可承受攜物重量(MAWC)、心搏率(HR)及主觀知覺施力評量（RPE）。每位受試者均以隨機化的順序進行九種組合的實驗，結果發現：(1)橫向式之MAWC(30.23 kg)顯著大於縱向式(26.93 kg)，但與新式(28.60 kg)則無顯著差異；(2)在攜物距離部分，15公尺(距離最短)的MAWC值最大(31.56 kg)，其次為30公尺(28.40 kg)，最低的則為遠距離的45公尺(25.80 kg)，且三種距離之MAWC值彼此間均有顯著的差異；(3)改良後的新式扁擔與橫向式扁擔在MAWC、HR和整體RPE方面均無顯著差異，顯示新式扁擔可以有效改良人體各部位的RPE；(4)整體而言，本研究証實新式扁擔比縱向式扁擔有較高的最大可承受攜物重量及較低的RPE。

關鍵字

攜物 ； 扁擔 ； 心物法 ； 最大可承受攜物重量 ； 人工物料搬運

並列摘要

Carrying activities, especially heavy and long distance carrying are identified as one of the major causes of musculoskeletal injuries by many scholars. In order to reduce the risk of injury to workers, many scholars have used psychophysics to explore the maximum acceptable carrying weight, but research on yoke carrying capacity has not been conducted. In many cases, farmers, fishermen and porters use yokes to carry loads. Yoke are often loaded onto one shoulder with asymmetric longitudinal (front and rear) handling. Carrying a yoke in this way can cause injury to the shoulder, trunk and back. This study is therefore based on the ergonomic perspective to design a new type of yoke. The proposed yoke design is tested against the traditional carrying yoke for maximum acceptable carry weight. This study recruited 12 male subjects to participate in these experiments. The independent variables were carrying methods (lateral, longitudinal and ergonomic) and carrying distances (15, 30 and 45 m). The criteria measurements were the maximum acceptable weight carried (MAWC), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The results showed that lateral MAWC (30.23 kg) was significantly larger than that of longitudinal MAWC (26.93 kg), but not significantly different from the ergonomic MAWC (28.60 kg). For the carrying distance, the MAWC (31.56 kg) for the 15 m was the largest, the MAWC (28.40 kg) for the 30 m was the second, and the MAWC (25.80 kg) for the 45 m was the lowest. The MAWC values for the three distances were significant different from each other. There was no significantly difference for MAWC, HR and the overall RPE between the ergonomic yoke and the traditional yoke when used with longitudinal method. It was shown that the new ergonomic yoke can effectively improve the RPE of human body parts. This study confirms that the new ergonomic yoke has higher maximum acceptable carry weight and a lower RPE value than the longitudinal yoke.

並列關鍵字

carrying ； yoke ； psychophysics ； maximum acceptable weight carried ； manual materials handling

參考文獻

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