環保垃圾清潔人員之肌肉骨骼傷害與人因風險因子評估

本研究使用NMQ問卷來調查環保清潔人員之肌肉骨骼不適盛行率，並使用OWAS姿勢分析系統評估其行動等級。由NMQ問卷分析後發現，在200位受訪者的環保清潔人員中，其中肌肉骨骼系統有不適症狀者高達168人，盛行率高達84%，不適部位以右肩膀佔59%(99人)最多，其次為左肩膀佔54%(91人)和下背/腰部48%(80人)，其餘部位依序是右手肘42%(71人)、左膝蓋43%(72人)、右手/手腕41%(69人)、右膝蓋40%(67人)、左手/手腕34%(57人)、左手肘33%(56人)、右腳/腳踝29%(48人)、左腳/腳踝26%(44人)、脖子23%(38人)、上背21%(36人)、臀或大腿9%(15人)，上述各部位不適與工作有關高達90%，此外，年齡、平常是否有運動習慣、工作年資、工作中是否伸展運動、工作後是否有做其他運動和工作中是否快速作業均與肌肉骨骼不適有顯著的相關。由OWAS姿勢分析發現，其一般清潔人員的姿勢分析等級AC1佔67.01%、AC2佔12.13%、AC3佔18.73%、AC4佔2.11%，資源回收清潔人員的姿勢分析等級AC1佔49.58%、AC2佔42.97%、AC3佔6.61%、AC4佔0.8%，在一般垃圾清潔人員發現頭部前傾、及背部彎曲等姿勢分別佔了25%以及16%，其OWAS直接屬於AC3，資源回收環保垃圾清潔人員在頭頸部前傾與背部前彎部分，分別是頭頸部前傾次數有63次佔52.06%以及背部前彎次數有56次，佔46.28%，其OWAS值皆屬於AC3，均屬於要立即改善之動作。經交叉分析，本研究證實有頭部前傾、背部彎曲、雙腳彎曲和搬運過重為潛在的風險因子，整體而言本研究建議改善環保清潔人員的工作姿勢與搬運工具，以減少環保清潔人員之工作姿勢不良，此外在管理控制上建議，將職業性肌肉骨骼傷害檢查納入環保清潔人員健康檢查中，以確保勞工安全與健康。

關鍵字

環保清潔人員；肌肉骨骼不適； NMQ肌肉骨骼調查問卷； OWAS姿勢分析表

並列摘要

This study used the NMQ questionnaire to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort for environmental cleaners and assess their action category using the OWAS posture analysis system. Analysis using the NMQ questionnaire revealed that among the 200 cleaner respondents, musculoskeletal discomfort was present in up to 168 people, with a prevalence of 84%. The discomfort percent for the right shoulder 59% (99), left shoulder 42% (71), left knee 43% (72), the right hand / wrist 41% (69), right knee 40% (67), left hand / wrist 34% (57), left elbow 33% (56), right leg / ankle 29% (48), left leg / ankle 26% (44), neck 23% (38), back 21% (36), hip or thigh 9% (15). The discomforts listed above parts were 90% related to the work. Age, exercise habits, working years, whether stretching exercises were performed prior to work, whether the subject engaged in sports after work and the work speed were significantly related to musculoskeletal discomfort . According to the OWAS posture analysis, for general garbage cleaners, the AC1 category accounted for 67.01%, AC2 12.13%, AC3 18.73%, AC4 2.11%. For resource recycling cleaners, the AC1 category accounted for 49.58 %, AC2 42.97 %, AC3 6.61%, AC4 0.8%. The analysis for general garbage cleaners found that the head forward, and back bending postures accounted for 25% and 16%, respectively. OWAS directly belonged to the AC3 category. For resource recycling cleaners, the head and neck forward, and back bending postures accounted for 52.06% and 46.28%, respectively. This category belongs to AC3, and requires immediate improvement. Further, cross analysis, verified that the head forward, back bending, and two-leg bending, and overload handling postures are ergonomic risk factors. It is suggested that there is a tendency to adjust the working posture and providing handling aids to reduce awkward posture. Environmental cleaners' occupational musculoskeletal injury conditions must be monitored to ensure labor safety and health.