永續國土規劃體系架構與方法論之發展

台灣的土地利用管理體系主要是以社會與經濟發展爲導向，對環境面的考量較少，因此造成嚴重的負面環境衝擊。未來預計施行的國土計畫法（草案）雖然增加對環境面的考量，但仍未提出如何將其與經濟及社會面同時考量之規劃方法，因此並無法系統化地解決現存的國土規劃問題。本研究之目的在提出一套系統化的國土規劃方法論，因此乃以系統思維、系統分析、結果管理等方法，發展出永續國土規劃之體系架構與方法論，建議中央主管機關將全國視爲一個完整系統，並界定各區域子系統，然後在追求最大永續發展效益之目標下，以不超過環境承載力等限制條件，獲得全國及各區域子系統之環境承載力、各種國土功能分區面積、城鄉嶺展總量、環境資源使用總量、污染排放總量，中央主管機關依此而劃設全國國土保育地區與海洋資源地區，初步規劃全國之城鄉發展地區及農業發展地區。直轄市及縣市主管機關則根據前述結果進行城鄉發展地區及農業發展地區之細部規劃，而中央目的事業主管機關則修正其相關計畫。根據文獻分析結果，國內外目前的國土規劃制度與方法尚有所不足，因此本研究提出的體系架構及方法論乃爲創新陸研究，並預期可輔助主管機關系統化地訂定國土計畫，以確保國家之永續發展。

關鍵字

國土計畫；系統思維與分析；結果管理；環境承載力；驅動力－壓力－狀態－衝擊－回應架構；城鄉發展總量

並列摘要

The significant negative impacts on environment were generated because social and economic development was considered more important than environmental factors in the land use management system in Taiwan. The environmental factors are considered important in the draft National Land Planning Act which will be implemented but the planning method for simultaneously considering these three phases were not proposed. Hence, the existing problems of national land planning can not be systematically solved. The purpose of this study is to develop a systematical national land planning methodology. This study uses the methods of systems thinking, systems analysis, and Managing for Results (MFRs) to develop the sustainable national land planning framework and methodology, which can be used to assist the central authority to perform sustainable national land planning. The nation should be treated as an integral system and the regional subsystems are also identified. This study proposes that the objective is to pursue the maximal effectiveness of sustainable development and subjected to the constraints that environmental carrying capacity should not be exceeded. The environmental carrying capacity, areas of land function divisions, total quantity of urban and rural development, total quantity of environmental resource utilization, and total quantity of pollution discharge of the nation and subsystems are expected to be obtained as strategies. The central authority can define the land protection division and ocean resource division based on the strategies. The urban-rural development division and agriculture development division are sketchily defined by the central authority and planned in details by the authorities of county level. The central competent government authorities should modify their related plans according to the planning results. Based on the results of literature review, the current systems and methods for national land planning in the other countries were not complete either. Therefore, the framework and methodology proposed in this study are innovative researches, and can be used to assist the authorities in generating the Nation Land Plan systematically to achieve the objectives of sustainable development.