戶外遊戲場中之幼兒遊戲探究－以一個幼稚園班級爲例

本研究旨在透過一所國小附設幼稚園中的一個混齡班級，了解幼兒在遊戲場情境中的遊戲行為。研究目的為：一、探討戶外遊戲場中幼兒遊戲的開啟方式。二、探討在戶外遊戲場遊戲中，幼兒產生的遊戲行為類型。三、探討遊戲場中影響幼兒遊戲行為的因素。本研究採質性研究法，以觀察、訪談、錄影、省思手札、幼兒作品集等資料，進行分析。研究發現：一、幼兒會藉由組合式遊具設施的吸引力、固定玩伴、領袖型人物的領導、仿效別人的遊戲行為、教師加入、玩物的吸引、特殊事件等方式開啟戶外遊戲場中的遊戲。二、戶外遊戲場中出現的幼兒遊戲行為有單獨－功能、單獨－想像、平行－功能、平行－建構、互動－功能、互動－建構、互動－想像、互動－規則等遊戲類型。三、戶外遊戲場中幼兒遊戲行為受到環境因素－遊戲的器具設備、遊戲素材、同儕、教師、電視傳播媒體以及個人因素－性別、年齡等因素的影響。

關鍵字

幼稚園遊戲場；幼兒遊戲；遊戲行為

並列摘要

This study attempted to understand young children's play in playgrounds using a mixed-age class in the kindergarten of an elementary school. Its aims were to investigate (1) how young children's plays in outdoor playgrounds are initiated, (2) types of children's play behaviors in outdoor playgrounds, and (3) factors affecting children's play behaviors in playgrounds.Based on a qualitative research approach, data were collected from observation, interview, video-recording, reflection journals, and children's works. Main findings are as follows: (1) Young children's plays in outdoor playgrounds can be initiated by attraction of integrated play facilities, constant playmates, leadership of leader-type figures, imitation of others' play behaviors, teacher's participation, attraction of playful objects, and special events.(2) Young children's play behaviors in outdoor playgrounds can be classified into the following categories, including solitary-functional, solitary-dramatic, parallel-functional, parallel-constructive, cooperative-functional, cooperative-constructive, cooperative-dramatic, and cooperative-games with rules. (3) Young children's play behaviors in outdoor playgrounds are affected by environmental factors (including play facilities, play materials, peers, teachers, and TV media) and individual factors (including gender and age).