物流業撿貨裝車作業工作負荷之人因工程評估實例－方法與應用上之問題

Ergonomic Evaluation of the Workload of a Truck Loading Task in a Warehousing Center: Method and Application

林久翔(C. J. Lin)

《人因工程學刊》 1卷1期 (1999/03) Pp. 121-130

摘要

物流業在台灣蓬勃發展，大型物流倉儲與中心陸續建立，人工物料搬運爲物流業中主要之作業方式，予人有工作時間長，耗費體力、辛苦之印象，造成人員素質低，及流動率高之現象。另一方面，人工物料搬運是勞工下背痛與肌肉骨骼傷害之主因，物流業在未能全面自動化之前，應對人工作業進行工作負荷之管理，並改善作業負荷過高之情況，才能防止勞工安全與衛生問題之發生。本文以NIOSH之搬運公式及Garg等所發展之能量支出預測公式，作爲評估物流業中人工作業負荷之簡易方法，並以撿貨裝車作業爲實例，介紹運用上之步驟與方法，並討論應用上之問題。

關鍵字

物流業 ； 人工物料搬運 ； 下背痛 ； 肌肉骨骼傷害 ； 搬運公式 ； 工作負荷 ； 能量支出

並列摘要

Large warehousing and distribution centers grow rapidly in Taiwan. Manual materials handling tasks are one of the major tasks in these operation centers. Manual materials handling jobs are usually associated with the impression of hard-working, laboriousness, and long working hours, This has been the major cause of high labor turnover rate in distribution centers. On the other hand, manual materials handling has been associated with occupational low back pain and musculoskeletal disorders. Before the operation is fully automated, the operator workload should be carefully evaluated and controlled by the management. This paper proposes combining the NIOSH lifting equation and the Garg's metabolic energy prediction equations as an effective workload evaluation tool for manual jobs in distribution and warehousing centers. The step-by-step analysis method is described in this paper using the evaluation of a picking and truck loading task as an example.

並列關鍵字

Distribution Center ； Manual Materials Handling ； Low Back Pain ； Musculoskeletal Disorders ； Lifting Equation ； Workload ； Metabolic Cost