- 期刊
食品業門市人員肌肉骨骼傷害之人因研究
Musculoskeletal Disorder Ergonomic Study for Retail Staff in the Food Industry
摘要
由於食品業門市人員在進行門市業務時，軀體以及四肢長期處於不自然且重複的姿勢，容易造成嚴重的累積性肌肉骨骼傷害，因此本研究的目的在於探討食品業門市人員的肌肉骨骼不適情形以及其可能的危害因素，並提出改善建議。本研究首先以北歐肌肉骨骼問卷（NMQ）分析食品業門市人員之基本資料、工作特性、肌肉骨骼不適之主觀感受；其次依據Ovako工作姿勢分析系統（OWAS）針對食品門市人員的工作姿勢進行編碼以及分析其傷害等級；最後採用肌肉骨骼不適檢核表（MSDs檢核表）評估其分數，並分析上肢、背部、下肢等部位發生肌肉骨骼傷害之風險因素。由NMQ問卷分析後發現，在130名受訪者中，肌肉骨骼傷痛的整體盛行率為90.77％，而且以肩膀（77.69％）、頸部（75.38％）和手腕／手部（63.85%）之不適最為嚴重，員工認為部份與工作有關或全部由工作引起的比例高達78.96％和16.83％。而經由OWAS工作姿勢分析系統分析後發現，有8種工作姿勢最具危害等級（AC2-AC4），特別是商品陳列上架，必須立即採取改善措施。最後由MSDs人因檢核表分析發現，在上肢部位（甲表）有63.85%人員分數大於或等於5分，即上肢部位有發生肌肉骨骼危害之風險；而在背部、下肢部位（乙表）有75.38％位人員分數大於或等於5分，表示其在背部、下肢部位有發生肌肉骨骼危害之風險。整體而言，食品業門市人員肌肉骨骼傷害情形非常嚴重，其主要風險因素為重覆性作業，工作姿勢不當，過度施力，欠缺使用輔具等因素造成，而且以商品陳列上架之作業最為嚴重。也因此，平時需注意改善工作姿勢，使用輔具以及充份休息，以降低食品業門市人員之肌肉骨骼不適之風險。
並列摘要
Food product retail staff often assumes unnatural, repeated postures, which cause serious cumulative musculoskeletal injuries. This study explores the musculoskeletal injury conditions and possible hazards to retail staff and provide related improvements. The research first acquires basic information on workers and examines their musculoskeletal disorder symptoms using the effective Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The working postures are video-recorded and saved to a computer to code the postures and analyze the injuries based on the Ovako Working Postures Analysis System. The Musculoskeletal Disorders checklist was used to estimate the musculoskeletal disorder scores and analyze danger factors for the upper limbs, back and lower limbs according to the MSD results. Using the NMQ survey the results show that for the 130 respondents, 90.77% of supermarket retail staff experienced musculoskeletal injuries. The shoulder (77.69%), neck (75.38%) and hand (63.85%) were the most serious. The OWAS work posture analysis system found that there were eight hazardous working postures that rated from AC2 to AC4. The MSD checklist of human factors found that the upper extremity part (Table 1.) scored 63.85% greater than or equal to 5 points. The back and lower extremities (Table 2.) scored 75.38%, suggesting that the back and lower extremities part have greater risk for musculoskeletal disorders. The main risk factors are repetitive work, improper work postures, excessive force and lack of assistive devices. Therefore, retail staff should pay attention to improving their working postures, use assistive devices and have long rest periods to reduce personnel risk for musculoskeletal discomfort.