運動員對知覺教練領導行為與運動動機、滿足感及退出意圖之研究

The Relationships of Coach Leadership Behaviors, Sport Motivation, Satisfaction, and Dropout Intention among Athletes

陳志榮(Chih-Jung Chen) ； 張碧峰(Bi-Fon Chang)

《興大體育學刊》 9期 (2008/12) Pp. 55-65

https://doi.org/10.29897/DNSJ.200812.0006

摘要

本研究目的為（一）探討教練領導行為與運動動機、滿足感及退出意圖的相關情形；（二）探討教練領導行為對運動動機的預測情形；（三）探討運動動機對滿足感及退出意圖的預測情形。研究對象為國內二所體育學院的運動員，共563人，其中包括男生351人、女生212人，平均年齡20.58±1.40歲。採用的量表包括教練領導行為量表、運動動機量表、滿足感量表、退出意圖量表。研究結果顯示：在教練領導行為與運動動機、滿足感及退出意圖的相關研究方面，教練領導行為五向度中，訓練與指導行為、民主行為、關懷行為、獎勵行為皆與運動動機中的內在動機、認同調節、內射調節、外在調節及滿足感呈正相關，而與無動機、退出意圖呈負相關；專制行為與無動機、退出意圖呈正相關，與內在動機、外在調節呈負相關。在預測方面：(1)民主行為、獎勵行為是內在動機的有效預測變項，可解釋變異量為17%；(2)民主行為、專制行為是認同調節的有效預測變項，可解釋變異量為15%；(3)訓練與指導行為、專制行為、民主行為是內射調節的有效預測變項，可解釋變異量為11%；(4)訓練與指導行為、專制行為是外在調節的有效預測變項，可解釋變異量為4%；(5)專制行為、關懷行為是無動機的有效預測變項，可解釋變異量為10%；(6)無動機、內在動機、外在調節、內射調節是滿足感的有效預測變項，可解釋變異量為17%；(7)無動機、內在動機、外在調節是退出意圖的有效預測變項，可解釋變異量為43%。

關鍵字

教練領導行為 ； 運動動機 ； 滿足感 ； 自我決定理論

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was three-fold. (1) to examine the relationships of coach leadership behaviors, sport motivation, satisfaction, and dropout intention; (2) to examine the predictive utility of coach leadership behaviors on sport motivation; (3) to examine the predictive utility of sport motivation on satisfaction, and dropout intention. Participants were 563 student athletes (males=351, females=212) recruited from tow colleges of PE. The average age of participants was 20.58±1.40 years. After receiving the informed consent, participants were requested to complete inventories assess perception of leadership, motivation in sport, perception of satisfaction, and dropout intention in sport. The results indicate that ”training and instructional behavior”, ”democratic behavior”, ”social support”, and ”positive feedback” were positively related to intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, satisfaction. In addition, ”training and instructional behavior”, ”democratic behavior”, ”social support”, and ”positive feedback” were negatively related to amotivation and dropout intention. Autocratic behavior, on the other hand, was positively correlated with amotivation and dropout intention and negatively related to intrinsic motivation and external regulation. In terms of the prediction of motivation, intrinsic motivation was significantly predicted by ”democratic behavior” and ”positive feedback”. Identified regulation was significantly predicted by perception of ”democratic behavior” and ”autocratic behavior”. Introjected regulation was significantly predicted by ”training and instructional behavior”, ”autocratic behavior”, and ”democratic behavior”. External regulation was significantly predicted by ”training and instructional behavior” and ”autocratic behavior”. Amotivation was significantly predicted by ”autocratic behavior” and ”positive feedback”. In terms of the prediction of satisfaction and dropout intention in sport, satisfaction was significantly predicted by amotivation, intrinsic motivation, external regulation and introjected regulation. Dropout intention was significantly predicted by amotivation, intrinsic motivation, and external regulation.

並列關鍵字

Coach leadership behaviors ； sport motivation ； satisfaction ； self-determination theory

參考文獻

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