次最大力量於定點跳躍之控制

The Control of Submaximal Force for Jumping on Targets

陳帝佑(Ti-Yu Chen) ； 陳重佑(Chung-Yu Chen) ； 吳文進(Wen-Chin Wu)

《興大體育學刊》 12期 (2013/01) Pp. 99-110

摘要

目的：藉由動量-衝量定理，探討次最大力量之跳躍對於不同目標位置的動力學特徵。方法：以10名主修體育之男性大學生為實驗參與者，並採隨機方式要求實驗參與者從測力板起跳至目標位置，而目標位置分別為原地垂直之膝高、原地垂直之1/2膝高、前躍1 m之膝高和前躍1 m之1/2膝高。所有採集之參數以2（距離）x 2（高度）重複量數二因子變異數分析進行統計考驗，顯著水準訂為α = .05。結果：人體面對膝高時會產生較大之總衝量、減速衝量、加速衝量和加速衝量時間，以達成工作需求；但下蹲力量峰值和加速／減速衝量之比值則是1/2 膝高之值較大。另一方面，人體進行原地垂直跳時會有較大之總衝量、推蹬力量峰值和加速／減速衝量之比值；而前躍1 m跳之減速衝量、減速衝量時間和加速衝量時間等，則比原地垂直跳之值大。結論：次最大力量因應目標高度較高時，會採取增加減速衝量和加速衝量之策略，而人體進行原地垂直跳時，則須瞬間加大總衝量和推蹬力量峰值，以即時到達目標高度；然前躍1 m跳則比原地垂直跳有較長之下蹲和上蹬動作時間，故完成相同目標高度所需之力量負荷較小。

關鍵字

次最大力量 ； 跳躍 ； 動量 ； 衝量

並列摘要

Purpose: This study was to investigate the kinetic effects of submaximal force for jumping on targets by using principle of impulse and momentum. Methods: 10 male volunteer participants for this research were from university-level Physical Education majored students. All participants were then randomly selected for the sequence of test performance. Participants were positioned on the Kistler force platform to perform four jump tests: a) vertical jump to individual knee height, b) vertical jump to individual half of knee height, c) 1 m long jump to individual knee height, d) 1 m long jump to individual half of knee height. 2 (distance) × 2 (height) repeated measures two-way ANOVA was used to test the statistical difference of the collected parameters with an α level .05. Results: The finding indicated that knee height resulted a significant effect on total impulse, deceleration impulse, acceleration impulse, and acceleration impulse duration to complete the task and half knee height significantly had a greater peak value of downward force and ratio of acceleration impulse to deceleration impulse. On the other hand, as performing a vertical jump that total impulse, peak value of upward force and ratio of acceleration impulse to deceleration impulse were greater. During a 1 m long jump, deceleration impulse, deceleration impulse duration and acceleration impulse duration were greater than a vertical jump. Conclusion: As the participant presented a higher jump, submaximal force would be yielded by increasing deceleration impulse and acceleration impulse as a strategy. About a vertical jump, total impulse and peak value of upward force should be increase instantaneously to achieve the target height. In addition, to compare with a vertical jump that in the same height, a 1 m long jump had more duration of downward and upward in which its force loading was smaller.

並列關鍵字

submaximal force ； jump ； momentum ； impulse

參考文獻

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