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臺灣傳統南獅與高樁南獅之發展及比較分析

Comparison and Analysis of Taiwan's Tradition South-lion Dance and High Column South-lion Dance Development

摘要


目的:本研究旨在了解南獅運動的開創、概念及傳入臺灣後的發展及阻礙。方法:本文研究方法為文獻分析及田野調查,以學校及民間社團南獅運動之發展為研究目標。學校發展部分運用比賽的報名情況做為資料來源;民間團體則透過登門拜訪、電話及比賽期間對各獅團團長以半開放式訪談蒐集資料,蒐集資料後進行比較及分析。結果:南獅活動最早期源於廣東地區,傳入臺灣可分二時期,一為明清兩代閩、粵地區移民,但南獅活動的型態於日據時期之照片中才發現其證據;二為1949年隨政府撤退來臺之軍民。南獅活動推展可分三個面向:軍隊、社會團體及學校,軍隊的精簡政策,使推展重擔落在民間社團及學校,內容與人員參與也隨著社會價值觀、教育升學政策及國際規則引進而有所改變。南獅運動依競賽或表演內容可分高樁及傳統兩大項,筆者分析2012至2014年中華盃全國舞龍舞獅錦標賽,及2011至2014年教育部全國各級學校民俗體育競賽南獅項目競賽文獻,得知三屆中華盃參賽隊伍總數為75隊次,傳統項目占66%,參加人數較高樁項目多,但隊伍逐年減少;四屆民俗體育競賽的隊伍數無明顯變化,但2013年後參賽的國中隊伍激增為4倍之多,推測與十二年國教多元成績計算的教育政策有關。於訪談部分,也探討我國15個民間南獅社團後,發現參與人數為295人,能組成傳統南獅76組,占總組數72%,合作學校55所;練習場地、人員招募與培訓是推展上最大的問題。結論:本研究經分析後,結論為傳統南獅對於運動員身心素質條件要求及危險性較低,並且結合教育政策,較適合學校推廣;高樁南獅雖已成為受喜愛的運動項目,但其難度甚高,就參與的人數來看,傳統南獅發展得較高樁南獅好,南獅運動雖已在我國蓬勃發展,但仍需克服許多阻礙,如此才能使南獅運動之發展更上一層樓。

關鍵字

民俗體育 舞獅 南獅運動 發展

並列摘要


The purpose of this study is to explore (1) The concept of South-lion Sport and(2) The developments and obstructions in Taiwan. This research uses literature analysis and fieldwork to collect the relevant data from the schools and associations, and then analyze these data for the further reference of the subsequent researchers of South-lion Sport. The South-lion sport was transferred to Taiwan and developed by military, schools and associations. In recent years, the military streamlining policies, so the development burden falls to schools and associations. The South-lion sport in contests or show divides into Tradition South-lion Dance and High Column South-lion Dance. According to the South-lion sport contests on 2011-2014 the analysis result of data sources and interview with 15 associations. The results indicate that Tradition South-lion Dance develop well than High Column South-lion Dance. Pass through literature analysis correspondingly offer concrete suggestions, the sustainable development of South-lion dance needs to combination of school and associations , and reinforce the culture study about South-lion Dance and so on.

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