背景因素、職業性別角色印象與學童職業期望之關聯性研究－以教師、醫師、工程師和護士為例

A Study on Background Factors, Gender Stereotypes, and Children's Occupational Expectations

李鴻章(Hung-Chang Li)

《幼兒教育》 305期 (2012/04) Pp. 58-77

https://doi.org/10.6367/ECE.201204.0058

摘要

本研究主要在了解背景因素、職業性別角色印象與學童職業期望之關聯性。研究以立意取樣，選取台南地區幼兒園幼兒與國小學童共六所學校，有效樣本數為280位。研究結果顯示，（一）年齡與職業期望、職業性別角色印象關聯性最強。幼兒園大班幼兒對教師、醫師、工程師與護士之職業期望，高於小學六年級學童。而六年級學童對工程師與護士的職業性別角色印象較大班幼兒深；但幼兒對教師性別印象較六年級深：（二）在這四種職業期望中，學童對醫師這職業最想從事之期望最高，但對護士這職業性別角色印象最深；（三）學童母親職業聲望越高，學童對職業性別角色越不會產生刻版印象；而職業性別角色印象對學童職業期望沒有顯著影響力；（四）不同的性別會影響到學童對教師、工程師與護士之職業期望；不同的年齡則會影響學童對教師、醫師與護士這職業之期望；此外，父親教育與父親職業會影響學童對從事工程師這職業之期望。最後根據研究結果，提出相關的研究建議。

關鍵字

背景因素 ； 性別角色 ； 職業期望 ； 職業抱負

並列摘要

The current study aims to explore the correlation of background factors, gender stereotypes, and children's occupational expectations by adopting purposeful sampling, which comprises six educational institutions (including elementary schools and kindergartens) in Tainan. Effective copies of sampling were 280. Research results indicate that (a) Occupational expectations and the impressions of gender stereotypes have the strongest relations to kids' ages. Kindergarteners have stronger occupational expectations for teachers, physicians, engineers and nurses than sixth-graders do, whereas sixth-graders have more deeply rooted gender stereotypes of engineers and nurses than kindergarteners; kindergarteners have more deeply rooted gender stereotypes of teachers than sixth-graders. (b)Of the four occupational expectations, children expect most highly of a physician, but they regard a nurse with the deepest gender stereotype. (c) The more prestige the mother of a child has, the less obvious gender stereotype a child may have. (d) Different sexuality affects a child's occupational expectation of teachers, engineers, and nurses, whilst different age affects a child's occupational expectation of teachers, physicians and nurses. In addition, a father's educational and professional background may affect a child's occupational expectation of an engineer. The study provides suggestions based on the research results.

並列關鍵字

background factor ； gender stereotypes ； occupational expectation ； occupational aspiration