《左傳》夏姬史事與美學探析

本文以春秋女子夏姬為探討對象，從《左傳》的記載內容為起點，與夏姬相關的記事分述於宣公9年等計有七處，最後替夏姬作結「殺三夫、一君、一子，而亡一國兩卿矣，……甚美必有甚惡。」可見《左傳》顯現夏姬是紅顏禍水的觀念。文中並參考相關的史實記載，包括《國語》、《詩經．株林》等，對照之下，推演春秋時期存在多元而非單一的社會現象，呈現兩性關係間人類的情欲本能，由此探析有關夏姬史事之美學，包含審美層面：「甚美必有甚惡」相對於「美善合而為一」、原型層面：「女色禍水」相對於「女性崇拜」、現實層面：「人盡夫」相對於「守貞節」；期冀由文獻資料、文學理論與美學原理，以推論其美學。「美」原是純粹的愉悅，若將「美」依附於「道德規範」中，即導致《左傳》等作者及後世學者予以夏姬「美而不善」的論斷。《左傳》的史傳敘述具有內涵、因果與系統性；然而史事也存在文化意識與審美體驗的多元闡釋。

關鍵字

《左傳》；夏姬；甚美必有甚惡；審美層面

並列摘要

This article analyzes a woman in spring and autumn period named Xiaji. Beginning with the records in ”Zuo Commentary”, seven events related to Xiaji were described in 9th year of Duke-Xuan ,etc. respectively, finally, summarized as [jeopardized and killed three husbands, one lord, one son, and subjugated one nation and two ministers, ...... over-beauty must be with over-evil], thus, ”Zuo Commentary” revealed the concept that Xiajia was a dangerous beauty. This article refers to related historical records, including ”Guoyu” and ”Classic of Poetry- Outside Zhu”, etc. to deduce with compare and find the spring and autumn periods had multivariate social phenomenon, rather than single social phenomenon and appeared the sex-instinct of sexual relationships, so as to analyze the aesthetics related to the history of Xiajia, including aesthetic level: [over-beauty must be with over-evil] compares with [beauty integrates with goodness]; archetypal level: [dangerous beauty] compares with [feminine worship]; realistic level: [adulteress] compares with [chastity]; then expects to infer the aesthetics with literature information, literary theory and aesthetic principle. [beauty] was pure pleasure, [beauty] should be attached in [ethics], so as to cause the conclusion of [beauty without goodness] for Xiaji by writers of ”Zuo Commentary” etc. and later scholars. The historical narratives of ”Zuo Commentary” had connotations, causes and effects and systematicness; however, historical records also had multiple interpretations of cultural consciousness and aesthetical experience