《百喻經》認知隱喻現象探討

佛教經典《百喻經》匯集了近百則的譬喻故事，隱喻表現十分豐富，本文以《百喻經》為文本，試圖尋找其中認知隱喻的現象。文中先對《百喻經》成書作概述，其次歸納《百喻經》中的詞彙及故事隱喻的類型，並將其中所出現的認知隱喻現象分為「隱喻」與「轉喻」兩部分，「隱喻」又分：「實體隱喻」、「方位隱喻」、「時間隱喻」三大類；「轉喻」又分：「部分代全體」、「全體代部分」、「部分代部分」三大類，運用認知語言學家Lakoff&Johnson的理論，分析《百喻經》所有出現的隱喻現象，由此探討佛教的特殊詞彙，使人了解佛典如何透過隱喻手法，來說明艱澀的佛理，使大眾能夠以簡單故事為筏，進而深入了解佛典中所蘊藏的大智慧。隱喻及轉喻是最容易使用的手法，藉此喻彼隨處可見，不論是以愚人的故事來呈現，或是用一則小事情，使人看了會心一笑之外，更能夠當作借鏡，佛教除了用此些故事讓人能夠觀看之外，更在每則後面引申出佛法義理，使人能夠更加了解艱澀的佛法。

關鍵字

《百喻經》；隱喻；轉喻；認知；佛典

並列摘要

Almost a hundred of metaphor stories have been collected in a Buddhist sutras called ＂Sutra of A Hundred Parables＂. And it is plenty of metaphor expressions. This paper attempts to explore cognitive metaphors in ＂Sutra of A Hundred Parables＂. A summary of ＂Sutra of A Hundred Parables＂s history was provided as the beginning of this paper. The vocabularies and the type of metaphor were classified into two part: Metaphor and Metonymy. Metaphor is further classified into entity metaphor, spatial metaphor and time metaphor. And metonymy is further classified into ＂The Part for the Whole＂, ＂The Part for the Whole＂, and ＂The Part for the Whole＂ further discussion. We analyze the metaphors in ＂Sutra of A Hundred Parables＂ by applying the theory of Lakoff & Johnson, the professors of cognitive linguistics, to study the special vocabularies in Buddhism. To understand how Buddhist sutras make people realize abstruse Buddhism through metaphor expressions. So that people can deeply understand big wise of Buddhism by the simple stories. Metaphor and Metonymy are easiest and most common methodology to deliver the thoughts to others. No matter the story is long or short, it is more a mirror of life than a story to people. Just like the story in Buddhism sutras, the thoughts behind the metaphors make people think deeply and realize the truth of Buddhism.