Bernstein之教育知識符碼理論對高中職文言文課程的啟示

考試院宣布2023年起高普考試不再考公文，引發立委呼籲國考應廢考國文，強調「年輕人不應把青春浪費在古文上」受到各界關注。這一波廢考國文或者文言文無用論之言論，自2017年探討降低高中職文言文課程比例開始爭論。本文從Bernstein的語言符碼理論，談語言精緻化的文言化現象，以限制型符碼與精緻型符碼的概念，來分析階級制度透過不同類型言語對於兒童在家庭中社會化過程的影響；次從Bernstein之教育知識符碼理論，探討高中職文言文課程符碼變遷下之情況；最後透過該理論，希冀帶給現場教師與教育當局之啟示為：一、教師可根據學生之背景脈絡，採取適切之言說符碼；二、走向統整型課程可改變師生權威關係，促進學生自主學習；三、選文多元及跨域合作，朝向情境脈絡化之素養導向教學。

關鍵字

Bernstein ；精緻型符碼；限制型符碼；文言文；課程論

並列摘要

The Examination Yuan announced that the junior examination and senior examination will no longer test official documents from 2023, which led legislators to call for abolishing the examination of Chinese in the national examination, emphasizing that ＂young people should not waste their youth on classical Chinese＂. Since 2017, when it was discussed to reduce the proportion of classical Chinese courses in senior high schools and higher vocational schools, this wave of comments on the futility of abolishing the examination of Chinese or classical Chinese has been debated. Based on Bernstein's language code theory, this paper discusses the tendency of classical Chinese of language refinement, and analyzing the influence of class system on children's socialization in the family through different types of languages by using the concepts of restrictive code and exquisite code; Secondly, from Bernstein's code theory in educational knowledge, this paper discusses the code change of classical Chinese course in senior high schools and higher vocational schools; Finally, through this theory, we hope to bring enlightenment to on-site teachers and educational authorities as follows: first, according to students' background, teachers adopt appropriate speech codes; second, moving towards integrated curriculum can change the authoritative relationship between teachers and students; promoting students' autonomous learning; third, diversified text selection and interdisciplinary cooperation, competency oriented teaching towards situational context.