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光學波段表面電漿環形矩超穎材料之研究

Plasmonic Toroidal Response at Optical Frequencies

摘要


自然界中的物質與電磁波交互作用,其折射率受到介電係數、磁導率的影響,一般物質的電偶極矩與磁偶極矩響應決定了與光交互作用的結果。但是,大自然中除了電偶極矩以外還存在其他偶極矩,例如環形矩。環形結構或甜甜圈結構在生物分子、病毒、蛋白質中極為常見,然而微波波段中純環形矩貢獻的共振模態則在近幾年中才被實現。環形矩有別於電偶極矩與磁偶極矩,因此環形矩共振在分子內交互作用與能量轉移議題上具有一席之地,然而環形矩難以耦合至遠場且不容易被觀察到。超穎材料製作「人工分子」,藉由人工設計的結構,我們可以設計出具有較大環形矩輻射強度的環形矩超穎材料。環形矩超穎材料比大自然的環形結構物質具有更大的結構調控維度,且環形矩超穎材料和電磁波交互作用以及其能量的耦合機制值得探討。另外,環形矩是否能在更高頻率下響應尚待解答,金屬在光學波段中的焦耳損耗與製程技術成為實現高頻環形矩的挑戰。

並列摘要


Toroidal shapes are often found in bio-molecules, viruses and proteins, but only recently it was proved experimentally that toroidal structures can support exotic high-frequency electromagnetic excitations that are neither electric or magnetic multipoles. Such excitations, known as toroidal moments, could be playing an important role in inter-molecular interaction and directive energy transfer on the molecular level, but are weekly coupled to free space and are difficult to observe. Whether or not the toroidal dipoles will resonate at higher frequencies remains to be answered, since Joule loss of metals is higher at optical frequencies.

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