- 期刊
談專利耗盡－一個爲專利權利畫界的原則
Patent Exhaustion-A Doctrine Defining the Extent of a Patent Right
摘要
專利耗盡中(patent exhaustion)是指專利權人的排他權利，不及於經合法且未附條件之販售後的專利商品，購買者之後的使用或再販售行為專利權人均無權過問。本文主要是將專利耗盡視爲是一個界定專利權利所及範圍的原則，而論述在專利制度與市場競爭之間互動敏感的現實狀況中，如何運用該原則來畫定專利權利所及範圍，也等於如何設立市場競爭的遊戲規則。透過檢視國外判決關於如何建立專利商品修理與再製造判準，以及如何認定專利商品販售後使用限制適法性之見解，本文論述專利耗盡原則在實務上的適用有確立明確規則的難度，其最後的判斷基準常常受到特定案件事實的認定、切入論理的角度以及所側重考量的因素所影響，而這些選擇往往反映出判斷背後所預設的價值。專利耗盡的解釋與適用，不僅是個法理問題，更是個現實問題，因爲基於專利耗盡原則爲特定專利權利所界定的權利範圍，是會影響到專利商品市場與周邊市場彼此之間的發展消長，而影響到整個市場競爭之秩序。因此在考量如何適用專利耗盡原則時，應該審慎考慮專利制度所應具有的公益性以其社會契約之特性，如此所畫出的專利權利範圍才能真正衡平所涉及的衝突利益，也才能讓專利制度真正達到促進技術創新以及經濟繁榮的目的。
並列摘要
Under the patent exhaustion doctrine once the patentee tan sold a product which fully embodies a patented invention without condition, he/she has no further rights to control the use or resale of the product. The application of patent exhaustion doctrine to a particular case is a way of defining the extent of the patent right at issue, and since there is always an interrelation between the extent of a patent right and the competitive situation in the market, the question of how to define the extent is also a question of how to establish the competitive roles In the market. Through reviewing several foreign judicial cases concerning the patent exhaustion doctrine, including the cases on the repair/reconstruction doctrine and those on the effectiveness of the post-sale restriction, thin article argues that it is difficult to establish a clearly defined not the applying the doctrine to various situations. The reason why it is difficult in because the question of how to apply the doctrine is not only a question of how to interpret the law reasonably bat also a question of how to make a value judgment concerning the competitive situation in the market. Therefore, in order to make a fair and balanced judgment, is should not be forgotten that the reason why to build up the patent system u to improve public welfare by creasing incentives for technical innovations, rather titan to ensure the maximum profit of the patentee. It is necessary so consider the conflict of interest in the marker situation so that the determination of the extent of a particular patent right can be made without having negative implications on the competitive situation in the market.