談日本技術研究組合之新近變革

本文主要探討日本1961年施行、用以支援促進產業共同研發之礦工業技術研究組合制度、在2009年伴隨更名爲技術研究組合而進行之大幅制度變革，其所體現之政策思維的轉變與演化。舊制礦工業技術研究組合著重於提供產業進行共同研發之機制性支援與財稅誘因，而新制技術研究組合則透過擴充其適用範圍與發展彈性，希望促進產業共同研發活動能有更多元的主體參與、能觸及更多樣的技術領域、以及能與產業發展策略有更縝密的整合。從此觀之，日本技術研究組合之制度變革，不僅僅是對於該制度運用可能之擴充與改良，也是展現鼓勵產業從事研發活動之政策思維的再進化。

關鍵字

礦工業技術研究組合；技術研究組合；共同研發；開放式創新

並列摘要

The Industrial Research Association Act (hereafter ”the old act”) has been implemented in 1961, in order to facilitate the collaborative R&D activities in Japan. In 2009, the old act has been changed its title to the Research Association Act (hereafter ”the old act”). The new act has also changed the requirements of participant and extended the technological fields in which a research association can be established. Most importantly, the new act has created the legal procedures by which a research association can be transformed into a stock company or a limited liability company, and the procedures for the combination of different research associations and for the division of a research association. This article argues that the new act is not only a legislative change but also an embodiment of the changing rationales of Japanese Industrial R&D policies.