檢視生物倫理委員會做為社會溝通機制之理論與現實－以日本人類幹細胞製成生殖細胞相關指針之增修訂過程為例

A Discussion on the Limitations and Potentials of Bioethics Commissions - Using the Process of Establishing the Policy Position Allowing Research into Producing Germ Cells from Stem Cells in Japan as an Example

李森堙

《科技法律透析》 23卷6期 (2011/06) Pp. 37-59

https://doi.org/10.7062/STLR.201106.0037

摘要

伴隨科技發展社會議題之「倫理化」，與生物倫理之專業領域成形，各國政府慣常透過設置生物倫理委員會之共議機制，來因應生物技術發展所引發之社會與倫理爭議，並謀求解決之道。然而透過過往之文獻整理，本文指出生物倫理委員會共議機制之運作，並非總能適切發揮、促進相關倫理議題公共審議與社會溝通之機能。透過檢視委員會組成成員之代表性課題、共識形成之應然面課題、與委員會不同功能定位之可能衝突課題等三個面向，本文就生物倫理委員會共議機制之可能與侷限進行討論，並以在日本政府開放人類幹細胞製成生殖細胞研究之政策價值立場的形成過程中、生物倫理委員會共議機制在其中所扮演角色為例，說明生物倫理委員會發揮社會溝通機能之理論與實務的落差。

關鍵字

生物倫理委員會 ； 生物倫理議題社會溝通 ； 公共生物倫理 ； 日本人類幹細胞製成生殖細胞研究

並列摘要

Along with the 'ethicization' of scientific controversies and the development of bioethics, bioethics commissions or so-called 'public bioethics bodies' have been established in a growing number of national contexts to address the ethical issues of bitechnology. Based on the literature review, this article aims to demonstrate that bioethics commissions do not always carry out their expected functions as facilitators of public dialogue and social commucations about bioethics. By reflecting on the issues concering representiveness of commission membership, consensus-building and the conflict between different expected functions of bioethics commissions, this article explores the limitations and potentials of bioethics commissions. Furthermore, by examining the process of establishing the policy position allowing research into producing germ cells from human embryonic stem cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells or human tissue stem cells in Japan, this article illustrates the gap between the ideal and reality of public ethics.

並列關鍵字

bioethics commissions ； public ethics ； public dialogue ； research into producing germ cells from human stem cells in Japan

參考文獻

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