第三方支付法制問題研析

Legal Analysis of Third-Party Payment

謝孟珊

《科技法律透析》 25卷2期 (2013/02) Pp. 14-38

摘要

電子商務的蓬勃發展帶動了網路支付的需求，而因應電子商務需求而生的支付模式以第三方支付最具代表性。第三方支付的法制議題概可分為第三方支付內部的法律關係以及第三方支付的管理法制，本文將就此兩個議題進行討論。第三方支付的代收轉付服務，應成立民法委任契約，以委任契約相關規範作處理。第三方支付的重要功能之一在於提供網路交易買賣雙方交易擔保機制。歐美各國稱此代管價金或財產直至相當條件成就的制度為escrow，然我國並無此法律制度，本文試以同具三方關係的「信託」法制進行討論，另以加州法為例說明美國Escrow的特別規範。除此之外，對於備受爭議的「儲值」問題，本文引用美國過去對於此議題之討論內容，說明第三方支付的「儲值」不應構成銀行法下的吸收存款行為。最後，由於代收轉付服務吸收大量資金，攸關消費者權益，並因為資金移轉的便利性，易淪為洗錢工具，基於消費者保護以及洗錢防制目的，目前世界主要國家立有特別法規範，本文以美國、歐盟以及中國之法制為例，進行重點規範說明。最後，本文試提出我國發展第三方支付法制的建議方向。

關鍵字

電子支付 ； 第三方支付 ； 非銀行金融機構 ； 代收轉付 ； 履約保證

並列摘要

The prosperity of e-commerce triggers the need of e-payment. Third-party payment is the most classical one. There are two aspects of third-party payment legal issues. The legal relationship in the third-party payment and the regulation of the third-party payment. This article discusses both of them. Firstly, the article points out ＂money transmission＂ is a form of ＂mandate＂ of Civil Code Article 528. In addition to ＂money transmission＂, escrow function is one of the most important qualities of a third-party payment. Although ＂escrow＂ is generally regulated in western countries, for example, California Escrow Law in US. However, it is not specifically regulated in Taiwan. This article suggests ＂trust＂ under Trust Law to be applied in third-party payment in Taiwan. Secondly, it talks about the heated debated ＂stored value＂ issue. Advanced value stored is not allowed in third-party payment in Taiwan currently. Whether it constitutes ＂deposit＂, US experience may be borrowed. Thirdly, this article briefly introduces the third-party payment regulations of US, EU and China. At last, the suggestions towards the legal development of third-party payment in Taiwan are brought out as conclusion.

並列關鍵字

e-payment ； third-party payment ； non-bank financial institution ； money transmission ； escrow