技術輸出與保護法制研析－以新加坡、印度、香港特別行政區、中國大陸為例

High-technology Export Control of Singapore, India, HKSAR, and China's Export Regulations

陳宏志

《科技法律透析》 28卷8期 (2016/08) Pp. 30-50

摘要

現代世界各國面臨激烈之競爭，其中產業技術的良窳較過往更具關鍵地位。因此，各國政府為確保經濟發展並維持產業競爭力，一來需要不斷投入資源鼓勵創新研發，故須推動相關政策措施；再則需因應產業全球化及國際市場競爭之趨勢，除一般之貿易出口管制外，針對政府投入相當資源研發之相關技術輸出如何進行必要之管理，以有效提升國內產業競爭能量，並兼顧全球策略佈局之需要，亦為需要關注的重點。本研究將先以我國經濟部科技專案研發成果規範為主，針對研發成果產出後，如涉技術輸出，其現行管理方式為何。另因已有諸多文獻探討美國、日本、歐盟規範，本研究將以鄰近我國之重要國家或地區為主，如由新加坡、印度兩國出發，探討其政府補助之研發成果倘涉技術輸出，既有管理規範為何予以整理。此外，有鑑於香港、中國大陸與我國產業發展關係密切，其科研成果運用規範亦將一併納入研究範圍。期藉由對新加坡、印度、香港及中國大陸等4國之技術輸出與保護法制進行研析，俾利瞭解相關國家規範要項，以作為我國未來精進研發成果運用政策之參考。

關鍵字

高科技出口管制 ； 技術輸出 ； 科技專案 ； 研發成果

並列摘要

As well as the issue of the resource allocation and how it impacts the trend of industrial development in Taiwan, Government decided the policy with the aids of experts such as industrial professionals, economists and consultants. And the Government's grant for science and technology R&D programs, except for the part of tasks executed by resource allocators, would be mostly launched by the applicants submitting the proposals which were then authorized. In this study, we were investigative for the high-technology export control of MOEA's Development Programs' R&D findings in Taiwan. For comparison, we also analyzed the export regulations of the main Asian country or region, such as Singapore, India, HKSAR and China to discuss the results of research and development involving government grants. In Taiwan, the R&D findings' high-technology export was on control. However, the most Development Programs' R&D findings should fit the national technology development, potential strengths and industrial demands. These policies should be concerned not only for orientating the future direction but also for the international applications of development in technology and industry. Concerning balance of international applications of R&D findings and national export controls, the research of high-technology export control with Singapore, India, HKSAR and China's export regulations maybe show one of the proper solutions for Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

High-technology Export Control ； Export Regulations ； Development Programs ； R&D Findings

參考文獻

OECD(2015).OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard.

〈首頁＞廠商服務＞戰略性高科技貨品管制＞出口管制介紹〉，經濟部國際貿易局，http://www.trade.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=899&pid=76977 (最後瀏覽日：2016/07/18)。

〈首頁＞廠商服務＞戰略性高科技貨品管制＞輸出管制貨品清單及篩選工具〉，經濟部國際貿易局，http://www.trade.gov.tw/Pages/detail.aspx?nodeID=901&pid=76984 (最後瀏覽日：2016/07/18)。

新加坡貿易工業部，https://www.mti.gov.sg/Pages/home.aspx (最後瀏覽日：2016/07/18)。

新加坡國家研究基金會，http://www.nrf.gov.sg/ (最後瀏覽日：2016/07/18)。