科研輔助機制再造之法制研析－以芬蘭、荷蘭、日本為例

R&D Funding and Support policy - the Case Study of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) for Research and Innovation in Finland, Japan and Netherland

蔡佳穎

《科技法律透析》 28卷9期 (2016/09) Pp. 51-70

摘要

如何整合產官學研之能力，並配合在地產業特色與能量，國際上各有不同先例，其中以公私夥伴關係(public-private partnerships，下稱PPP)概念貫穿的結合政府、企業、研究機構及地方優勢與特色的發展方式，特別值得就其具有代表性的態樣進行關注。芬蘭SHOKs係以成立非營利有限公司，允許企業、學校或個人加入共同來進行科技研發，研發成果亦歸屬於非營利有限公司；日本亦以非營利法人(成立技術研究組合)的方式進行科研，研究成果原則上歸屬於研究成果產出者，惟其之後可變更組織為股份有限公司或有限公司，增加組合進行科技研發之誘因。荷蘭雖未如同日本與芬蘭般特別成立獨立之研發法人，惟亦採取以公私夥伴關係進行科研以提升整體科技產業水平，依發動者不同而區分為3種形式，其中特別者在於其可直接由科學家發動，此時科學家一般非以現金出資，出資比例亦較低，但其可能擁有高價值的智慧財產權。本文將就目前有以公私夥伴關係進行科研補助的國家為研究對象，擇定前述較具特色之三國，就其科研補助體系以及公私夥伴關係進行研究，進一步了解其運作方式及優勢，並對我國科研法制提出精進建議。

關鍵字

公私協力 ； 公私夥伴關係 ； 科研補助 ； 成果歸屬與運用 ； 技術研究組合 ； 芬蘭SHOK

並列摘要

Since the government come in and promote the five major innovative industries which including green energy, biotechnology, smart machinery, national defense, and the establishment of an Asian Silicon Valley. The issue about how to achieve all of these goals and combine the local resource has become more and more important in Taiwan. The method of how efficiently promoting R&D research is a key topic we should pay more attention to, and there are several global cases related to R&D Funding and Support policy about R&D collaboration of industries, companies, universities and public research institutes (PRIs) for our reference. This article takes Finland, Japan and Netherland as example, and obverses the policy and practice of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) for Research and Innovation of countries aforementioned. At beginning, the article will introduce the SHOK which is non-profit corporate in Finland. The R&D partnership model that Japan government adopt is technology research association which is also non-profit corporate. Netherland hasn't created a specific R&D non-profit corporate, but Netherland government also promote innovation by public-private partnership and there are three kinds of PPP model. The article will analyze as well as compare these PPP models then introspect R&D - promoting policy of Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

PPP ； public-private partnership ； innovation policy ； R&D policy ； SHOK ； Japan technology research association

參考文獻

〈科技專案補助資源〉，經濟部技術處，https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/doit/content/Content.aspx?menu_id=13391(最後瀏覽日：2106年5月27)。

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UNDP,UNESCO(2013).CREATIVE ECONOMY REPORT, WIDENING LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS.