綠島的人口成長與變遷

Population Growth and Demographic Change in Lu Tao, Taiwan

李玉芬(Yu-Fen Lee)

《東台灣研究》 2期 (1997/12) Pp. 99-129

https://doi.org/10.6275/JETS.2.99-129.1997

摘要

本文根據文獻及統計資料，探究綠島自漢人人墾以來，人口成長與變遷的過程與特徵。結論摘要如下：
1.十九世紀初，火燒島始由來自小琉球的福建泉州籍移民入墾；清咸豐末年，島上有限的土地大致拓墾完畢；日治初，戶數有一百二、三十，人口約五、六百，形成中寮、公館、南寮、柴口、楠仔湖、柚仔湖、及溫泉七個村落，其中以中寮最大。
2.日治時代，由於島上產業不興、對外交通也不便，居民仍營自給自足的耕漁生活，人口增加以自然增加爲主，呈現封閉性人口成長的特性。
3.戰後約自民國50年代左右起，綠島人口便有持續外流的趨勢。外移地區以台東平原及成功鎮新港漁港爲主，漁民繼續從事漁撈及相關事業、其他則爲尋找更佳工作環境或爲子女的教育而遷出。
4.綠島的人口成長過程，可依島上人口增減的原因，組分爲「漢人入墾期」(1799-1861)、「封閉成長期」(1861-1961)、及「人口外流期」（1961-今）。

關鍵字

東部 ； 綠島 ； 火燒島 ； 人口成長

並列摘要

Based on historical documents and census data, this research examines the processes and characteristics of population growth and demographic change in Lu Tao since ethnic Chinese settled the island in late 18th century. A summary of findings of the research is as follows:
1. In the beginning of the 19th century, ethnic Chinese from Liuchiu Yu, originating from Hsen Feng, Fukien Province, started to migrated to the island. By the end of Chuan chou, limited arable land on the island had all been settled by the immigrants. At around 1895, the beginning of Japanese colonial rule, there were around 120 to 130 immigrant households, around 500 to 600 people that lived on the island. At the time, the island had about seven settlements, among which chungliao was the largest.
2. During colonial period, due to low productivity of the island and inconvenience in off-island transports, immigrants led self-sufficient, farming and fishing lives on the island. In this period, population growth on the island was mainly due to natural increase.
3. Since 1950s, a trend of out-migration set off. The major out-migration areas included Taitung Plain and Shingun in the Chengon Prefecture. At the time, some of these emigrants continued their fishing and related activities in the newly settled areas, some, however, looking for better jobs and educational opportunities for their children, moved further on to other parts of Taiwan.
4. Depending on factors inf1uencing population movements, the demographic process on Lu Island can be divided roughly into ”the period of in-migration by ethnic Chinese (1799-1861),” ”the period of internal population growth (1861-1961),” and, ”the period of out-migration (1961-present).”

並列關鍵字

Eastern Taiwan ； Lu Tao ； Sanasai ； population growth