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鄭和下西洋所獲得的氣象氣候知識

The Meteorological and Climate Knowledge Obtained by Zheng He's Voyages

摘要


明史鄭和傳中曾說明鄭和的生平以及下西洋的動機、下西洋的經過和收穫等,但是全文沒有說明西洋地區的氣象和氣候。幸而有馬歡的瀛海勝覽,鞏珍的西洋番國志,費信的星槎勝覽等三本書中含有不少西洋各國的氣象氣候資料,可以提供吾人分析研究。最後作者並以今日氣象學中的緯流風所包含的全球緯流風帶的劃分以及海平面平均高氣壓帶與低氣壓帶的劃分,加以分析,可以明瞭鄭和下西洋時,往返所經過的地帶,正好是赤道至北回歸線(22.5°N)之間地帶,也就是赤道無風帶和馬緯度無風帶,全年風力微弱,增加船員和水手用槳划水之艱苦。

並列摘要


In History of Ming, the Zheng He biography had explained the life of Zheng He, the motives of the Zheng He's voyages, the passage and harvest of the Western Ocean, but the full text did not explain the meteorology and climate in the Western region. Fortunately, there are Ma Huan's Yingya Shenglan, Gong Zhen's Xiyang fanguo zhi, Fei Xin's Xingcha Shenglan, etc. The three books contain a lot of meteorological and climatic data from Western countries. The author analyzes the division of the global zonal wind zone included in the latitudinal winds of today's meteorology and the division of the average high-pressure zone and low-pressure zone at sea level, which can be used to understand the zone that Zheng He traveled to and from the Western Ocean. It is exactly the zone between the equator and the Tropic of the Subtropics (22.5°N), that is, the equatorial windless zone and the horse latitude windless zone. The wind is weak throughout the year, which increases the difficulty of the crew and sailors paddling with paddles.

參考文獻


馬歡,《瀛海勝覽》,明成祖永樂十四年(1416 年)。
鞏珍,《西洋番國志》,明宣宗宣德九年(1434 年)。
費信,《星槎勝覽》,明英宗正統元年(1436 年)。
戚啓勳,《普通氣象學》,P.176–P.177,民國 55 年(1966 年)出版。
陳達生,《鄭和與馬來亞》,P.2,2014 年鄭和文化館出版。

延伸閱讀


  • 徐勝一(2016)。北風去南風回-論鄭和下西洋之新說與舊說。載於國立臺灣師範大學地理學系(主編),地理研究叢書 氣候與人文 歷史氣候、鄭和航海、客家文化(頁73-89)。國立臺灣師範大學地理學系。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20160503001-201603-201605030035-201605030035-73-89
  • 譚金土(2014)。由鄭和下西洋開展的醫藥交流華人文化研究2(1),95-111。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20180411001-201408-201804130018-201804130018-95-111
  • 安焕然(2005)。郑和下西洋的背景与本质。載於南方大學學院(主編),馬來西亞傳統漢學研討會論文集(頁141-162)。南方大學學院。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=c0000013-200501-2005-141-162-a
  • 洪巳軒(2011)。The Ethical Standards and Justifications of Knowledge in Xunzi華梵人文學報(16),171-201。https://doi.org/10.29930/HJH.201107.0006
  • 姜利蓁(2022)。A Study on the Time Words of ZHOUSHI-MINGTONGJI〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0002-0509202208265100