This study aims to explore elementary school students' situations of recreational sports participation, positive emotion and learning stress and further probe into their correlation. Research subjects are elementary school students in Chiayi County. This study distributes a total of 400 questionnaires and retrieves 310 valid ones. Valid return rate is 77.5%. According to statistical analysis result on data, elementary school students' sports participation negatively influences learning stress. Sports participation positively influences positive emotion and positive emotion negatively influences learning stress. In the model, positive emotion shows partial mediation effect. The previous findings can serve as reference to improve elementary school students' learning stress.