靈恩運動的天啟終末觀：以1960-1980年臺灣基督長老教會東部排灣教會為例

Apocalyptic Eschatology : A Case Study of the Charismatic Movement among the East Paiwan Tribes of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan from the 1960s to 1980s

石素英(Shu-ying Shih)

《臺灣宗教研究》 12卷1&2期 (2013/12) Pp. 123-148

摘要

二次大戰後臺灣原住民經歷集體改宗，轉向基督宗教。臺灣基督長老教會東部排灣教會在教勢增長中，也發生靈恩運動現象，一些改宗的信徒看見異象並經驗聖靈恩賜包括靈語、醫病、預言等。靈恩運動的天啟的終末異象，內容包括被提、基督的再來、天堂與地獄、大災難、最後的審判等。靈恩運動的先知透過神聖會遇看見異象，令人產生宗教想像，即靈恩運動的神聖會遇與傳統巫術形成類比關係。本文主要從兩個面向上檢視這些天啟的終末異象。一是將排灣傳統的世界觀和天啟的終末世界觀作比較，藉此澄清這些天啟的異象中，世界觀的混合的情形。二是耙梳討論排灣族不同的終末異象（包括天啟的終末異象），釐清層次，理解宣教師與教會教導的終末觀念，如何影響靈恩團體對異象的解釋。即使全球靈恩運動／五旬宗的一些團體，跟隨前千禧年派的看法，預測末日的到來，臺灣基督長老教會東部排灣的靈恩團體，並沒有著重世界末了的看法。主要的因素應該是原住民社會的改變。臺灣原住民改宗時期，因著族人普遍受教育，聖經被翻譯成族語，族群由非文字的初民社會轉而進入文字的歷史書寫之文明社會，族群歷史進入新的開展階段。與過去巫醫的傳統形式比較，神祇參與原住民生活是透過閱讀上帝的話語，為原住民帶來嶄新的族群經驗。如此的處境經驗，與世界末了的看法疏離，更沒有前千禧年派的理解。回應全球靈恩運動之天啟終末的討論，臺灣基督長老教會東部排灣族靈恩運動的天啟異象的解釋，說明處境因素影響神學反省走向的發展。

關鍵字

靈恩的異象 ； 天啟終末觀 ； 東部排灣族 ； 世界觀 ； 改宗

並列摘要

The collective conversion to Christianity among the aborigines in Taiwan started after the Second World War. Along with the church growth in the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (PCT), the members of the charismatic circle received the gifts of the Holy Spirit embracing speaking in tongues, vision, prophecy, and divine healing. In the 1960s to 1980s, the visions in relation to the apocalyptic eschatology in the charismatic circle of the east Paiwan tribes involved the rapture, the second coming of Christ, heaven and hell, disasters and the final judgment. The similarities of the performances between Christian seers and traditional seers among Paiwan people draw a religious imagination in which the encounter with deity of two religious traditions was described by analogy. The principle focus of this paper is to examine the explanation of the apocalyptic eschatology in the charismatic circle mentioned above in two directions. First, a comparison of the world-view between the Christian apocalyptic understanding and the east Paiwan tradition is made to show the intermingling of two worldviews in the apocalyptic visions. Second, the diverse eschatological visions among the Paiwan converts will be analysed in order to see how the instruction of the eschatology by missionaries and the church influences the theological reflection and explanation. Unlike some global charismatic/Pentecostal groups, which adopt the pre-millennial perspective of the end-time, the charismatic circle of the east Paiwan in PCT does not strike the idea of the end of the world because of a historical transition in the context. In the era of the collective conversion, the aboriginal communities in Taiwan were rapidly transforming from the primitive cultures into the modern cultures with particular reference to literacy, especially while young generations received good education and the Bible was translated into the native language. The Paiwan Christians preferred to initiate a history in accordance with a literate form, namely, deity participates in the transformation of aboriginal societies while the word of God is referred. In this way, the theme of the end-time was not crucial for the theological reflections in the context, let alone the pre-millennial understanding. Reflecting on the interpretation of the apocalyptic eschatology in the global Pentecostal/charismatic movement, the explanation of the apocalyptic eschatology in the charismatic circle of the east Paiwan tribes in PCT shows that the contextual factors have an impact on the dynamics of theological reflections.

並列關鍵字

charismatic visions ； apocalyptic eschatology ； the east Paiwan tribes ； world view ； conversion