日本的臺灣民俗研究：以筑波學派之古家信平為中心的考察

Japanese Ethnological Research on Taiwan: A Study Focusing on Furuie Shinpei of Tsukuba School

蔡亦竹(Yi-chu Tsai)

《臺灣宗教研究》 14卷1期 (2015/06) Pp. 121-140

摘要

日本學界的臺灣民俗研究自日本時代以來發展至今，從柳田國男時代基於了解新領土、新國民的實用社會科學，到今天由古家信平、松本浩一及丸山宏等學者所代表的筑波學派，隨著時代的變遷而展現出不同的風貌。失去政治統御意義之後的臺灣民俗研究，現今成為了日本人了解臺灣風土民情的另一種學門，有別於社會學、政治學的結果論色彩，亦不同於人類學偏重於原住民的研究方向。日本的臺灣民俗研究對象以占臺灣總人口最多的河洛族群為中心，並以影響臺灣社會各領域極深的民間信仰為研究主體，企圖摸索出臺灣人作為一個民族的共通性格。本論文第一部分介紹自日本民俗學之父柳田國男注目臺灣開始至今的民俗學學統，羅列至今臺灣民俗學的成果與問題。第二部分著眼目前從事臺灣民俗研究、以儀禮論作為研究方法論主體的學者古家信平教授之研究過程、研究成果及主要研究活動。第三部分則整理目前日本學界之臺灣民俗研究對於臺灣本土研究者所帶來的啟發、與本土研究者之不同觀點，以及日本學界之臺灣民俗研究之反省與對未來的展望。

關鍵字

民俗學 ； 臺灣民俗 ； 日本臺灣研究 ； 古家信平

並列摘要

Since Taiwan's Japanese occupation period until today, ethnological research on Taiwan has developed within Japanese academia. From the foundational understanding of this new domain of study during Yanakita Kunio's generation, to the new national's practicality of social sciences, to today's representatives of the University of Tsukubu school of thought (Furuie Shinpei, Matsumoto Koichi, Maruyama Hiroshi, and other scholars), all have followed the vicissitudes of their generation and displayed divergent styles. After losing its sense of political control, ethnological research on Taiwan has now become another area of study that aims to understand the local conditions and people of Taiwan. Different from the results and theoretical underpinnings of sociology and political science, it is also unlike anthropology that tends toward research on aboriginal ethnicities. The primary research subject of Japan's ethnological research on Taiwan is the Hoklo ethnic group, which constitutes the majority of Taiwan's population. Those popular beliefs that deeply influence each realm of Taiwanese society are also a principal research subject. Both attempt to search out the common nature of Taiwanese people. The first part of this paper introduces the father of Japanese ethnology, Yanakita Kunio, and the ethnology academic lineage that has focused on Taiwan until today, while also enumerating the hitherto results and issues of Taiwanese ethnology. The second part attends to the present scholars that engage in Taiwanese ethnological research, as well as the research process, results, and principal activities of Furuie Shinpei, who takes Rites Theory as his primary research methodological theory. The third part sorts out the inspiration on Taiwan's local researchers engendered by present Taiwanese ethnological research in Japanese academia, while considering the different viewpoints of local Taiwanese researchers. The paper also considers Japanese academia's reflections on the future prospects of Taiwanese ethnological research.

並列關鍵字

ethnology ； Taiwanese folk customs ； Taiwanese research in Japan ； Furuie Shinpei

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