原住民文化展演真實性之探討－以太魯閣布洛灣山月村表演者為例

The Study of the Authenticity of Aboriginal Cultural performance-A Case Study of the Performers of Leader Village, Taroko

李梅綺(Mei-Chi Lee) ； 洪維勵(Wei-Li Hung)

《臺灣地方鄉鎮觀光產業發展與前瞻學術研討會論文集》 2008年度 (2008/05) Pp. 63-73

https://doi.org/10.29938/TWTOURISM.200805.0063

摘要

近年來，到原住民區觀光蔚爲一股風氣，原住民獨特的文化是吸引遊客的最大動力，而遊客往往對原住民舞蹈表演感到相當興趣，也較容易帶領遊客體驗原住民文化。然而，現今原住民舞蹈中結合不同於傳統的當代元素，常被評斷爲商業化且不真實。但即便過度商業化或不真實的藝術設計，後來也可能被認爲是真實的。花蓮縣太魯閣布洛灣山月村爲一太魯閣族文化特色飯店，飯店的員工絕大多數爲當地的太魯閣族，而飯店內的晚會表演，乃由員工所設計與表演。在這樣形式下的文化展演，對於表演者而言，如何呈現表演？他們所要展現的是什麼？表演該符合傳統的形式，亦或是可以加入當代的元素？且表演者所認爲的真實性又是如何？爲本研究主要探討的內容。 本研究採取深度訪談及參與觀察法來進行資料蒐集，深入了解表演者對於文化展演的真實性，以及他們所認爲遊客的預期，並將資料逐一分析、歸結，輔以相關文獻探討後，針對本研究所提出之相關問題進行剖析，提出其結論與建議。 研究結果發現，表演者對於表演內容設計多認爲應包含其自身文化特色，如歌曲、樂器和舞蹈等。對於服裝、舞蹈、樂器和歌曲上，大多認爲傳統形式較好，但傳統文化是經過演進過程，只要傳統元素不變，加入現代元素仍能真實呈現出太魯閣族的文化。而表演者想要呈現給遊客的亦是他們自身的文化特色，包含現在的生活樣貌。並且認爲遊客至此也是想要了解太魯閣族的文化特色。此外，訪談結果亦發現，這些平均年齡在30歲以下的太魯閣族表演者，藉由舞台表演的過程，不僅更加認識自己的文化，且開始對因其自身文化更加熱忱。

關鍵字

太魯閣布洛灣山月村 ； 文化展演 ； 真實性

並列摘要

In recent years, aboriginal tourism has been one of the fastest growing tourism markets. The unique aboriginal culture is what tourists are attracted, and many tourists are especially interested in aboriginal dance performance. Aboriginal dance performance that comprises contemporary elements, such as adapted music or forms of dance, is often criticized as being commercialized and inauthentic. However, the debate over the issue of authenticity in the past decades suggests that authenticity is a rather indefinite concept that can be interpreted differently by different people. Leader Village, located at Bruwan in Taroko National Park, is an aboriginal-style hotel, in which most of its staff is local aborigines from the neighborhood area. The evening show in the hotel is designed and performed all by its staff. For performers, how do they present performance? What do they have to express? Should the performance combine contemporary elements into the traditional form of dance? And how do performers think of authenticity?
In order to fully understand the perception of the performers towards the authenticity of cultural performance, the in-depth interview was adopted, and participant observation was carried out to examine the interaction between performers and tourists. This study analyzes and compares proposed questions of the study, which in the end leads to conclusion and suggestions.
The result of the research finds that the performers thought that the performance design should be based on their traditional culture, inclusive of songs, musical instruments, and dance. However, most of the native performers interviewed felt that combining contemporary elements into the traditional form of them were perfectly acceptable. Performers want to present their daily life, and they thought tourist also want to understand their culture. In addition, the result of the interview also finds that these Taroko performers, average age under 30, not only knew more about their own culture through the process of the staged performance, but they also became enthusiastic towards their traditional culture.

並列關鍵字

Leader Village Taroko ； cultural performance ； authenticity