原住民部落意象之研究-以南投縣仁愛鄉武界部落為例

台灣原住民部落經歷日治時期、光復時期至今的民國時期，原住民部落之家園發展，隨著不同的時期社會的變遷，漸漸失去原有之部落風貌。本研究以南投縣仁愛鄉武界部落為主要研究對象，探討居民在長期與地區的相互關聯之下對於部落的想法，目的在於找出部落意象之元素組成、了解武界部落居民具意象性之實質環境空間、探討部落居民對於地方依附度、滿意度及自明性認同程度之關聯性、比較三種意象研究方法之差異性。經文獻探討後，過去意象相關之研究方法以認知地圖法、深度訪談法、問卷調查法三種為主。本研究依循前人之研究方法在武界部落中獲得居民對於部落的意象空間及元素，接而進行問卷調查法，獲得大眾之意象空間代表元素及了解部落居民對於部落之依附度、滿意度及自明性認同程度。本研究透過居民認知地圖繪製後將居民對部落的認知地圖加以分析，此階段初步歸納之部落元素與都市意象所提元素相符。在深度訪談及分析後發現，部落之元素與前者之研究方法結果具有相符之處，惟在此研究方法顯示了原住民部落對於地方具有情感之意象－記憶性之空間，在過去有之場景至現在已不存在之場景，刻畫出居民對於此地之意象。此外，經量化研究，其結果可確立在質化研究中所得知部落具意象性空間其各代表之意象元素及在不同個人背景影響因素下，居民對於部落的依附度、滿意度及自明性認同程度並無太大之差異性，且皆達滿意程度之上，其依附度、滿意度及自明性認同程度三者皆有其相關性。經由三種研究方法操作後，在與居民之互動性、資訊多寡等層面判斷，認知地圖之方法較有效獲得居民對於部落的意象。在研究結果中獲得明顯顯現在居民的心目中最具意象性之質實環境，對於未來規劃武界部落時有極大之幫助，期望未來可將居民所認為最具意象性的空間作為最優先改善之區域，使部落能恢復原有風貌，藉以活絡部落生機。

關鍵字

地方滿意；地方依附；意象；部落意象；原住民部落；地方自明性

並列摘要

Taiwan’s Aboriginal Tribes had experienced different colonial periods. As society changes, it slowly loses its original tribal landscape. This research tried to use the Wu-Jie tribe in Ren’ai Township, Nantou Country as a study site to explore the ideas and memories of residents in their long-term interaction with tribe. The main objectives of this research were to find out the elements of tribal images; to understand the specific spaces in which residents considered that these spaces represented the tribal image; to understand the relationship among residents’ attachment, satisfaction, and recognition of identity degree; and to compare the differences of three frequently used image research methods. After the discussion, this research adopted the cognitive map, the in-depth interview, and the questionnaire survey to find out the tribal image, image elements, image spaces, and residents’ attachment, satisfaction and recognition of identity degree. Through drawing and analyzing the cognitive map made by residents, the results showed that the image elements of the tribe were similar to the image elements of the city. Through in-depth interviews and analyses, it revealed that the found image elements had the same results as found in the cognitive map research method. In addition, this research also found out that the tribal residents had an emotional image of the place-memory space, indicating that there have been scenes in the past which didn’t exist now. Moreover, after questionnaire survey, the results indicated that the image element represented by each image space was obtained. The results revealed that different personal background factors had less significant influences on residents’ attachment, satisfaction, and recognition of identity degree. The results also showed that the degree of attachment, satisfaction and recognition of identity were all significantly related. After manipulating three different research methods, this study found out that the cognitive map was more effective in obtaining residents’ images of tribes in the aspects of interaction with residents and amount of information. In this study, the obvious images of the real spaces in the hearts of residents were found which will be of great assists for future tribe planning. It is expected that the residents can consider the most idealistic space as the first area to improve so that the tribe can restore their original style and regain their active tribe life.