This paper uses historical and longitudinal perspective to inquire the development and characteristic of the modern Olympic Summer Games by document analysis. We found some characteristics which were presented in modern Olympic Summer Games. They included: fair play Olympic Games, global Olympic Games, political Olympic Games. commercial Olympic Games, the feminine athlete participation growing Olympic Games, humanistic Olympic Games, environmental protection of the Olympic Games, technological Olympic Games, and so on. Olympic Games, has its certain position existence in the human history. Finally, future research directions are recommended.