This study discussed dispersion and surface modification of nanoparticles applying in lubrication oil. It used oleic acid and nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether to do surface modification with zinc oxide, copper, aluminum and titanium dioxide. And it applied orthogonal array for arranging parameters of experiment through taguchi method. Therefore, it got minimum times of experiments for analyzing the response data. Through optimization of these parameters and got the minimum diameters for zinc oxide, copper, aluminum and titanium dioxide are 110 nm, 105 nm, 65 nm and 94 nm, respectively. In deposition test, aluminum had better stability compared with zinc oxide, copper and titanium dioxide.