從大明宮含元殿建築復原方案探討建築考古學的研究方法

「建築考古學」是建築史學研究的基礎，而建築復原是其中最重要的一環。學者們雖然都以科學且準確的建築復原為目標，卻常得出迥異的結果，這種現象值得關注與討論。本文試以在中國建築史上具有重要地位的唐代大明宮含元殿為例，藉由耙梳各有所長的學者們針對其形制所建構出的不同方案，歸結出他們所運用的研究方法、對文獻解讀和遺跡現象判斷的差別，是導致其建築復原方案殊異的關鍵。在現存文獻和遺址的限制下，出現多元的建築復原方案實屬正常。本文期待能作為一個開端，引發對建築考古學研究方法的進一步探討。

關鍵字

建築考古學；建築復原方案；研究方法；大明宮；含元殿

並列摘要

”Architectural archeology” is the basis of historical research of architecture, while architectural restoration is an essential part of it. Nevertheless, in the pursuit of scientific and accurate architectural restoration, the fact that individual experts, more often than not, could reconstruct very different speculations for one very same building complex is especially intriguing. This paper takes the historically important Tang Dynasty royal court, Hanyuan Hall of Daming Palace, as an example to illustrate how the architectural restoration proposals are made and what drives their presumptions apart. By observing the variations stemming from such presumptions, this paper reveals that their dissimilarities result from the way how different research methods are utilized, literature interpreted, and ancient remains analyzed. Considering the fragmentation of literature and remains available today, it is nothing unusual that more than one architectural restoration proposal is put forward. This is not necessarily a bad thing as more possibilities can be explored and opinions exchanged in the process of meaningful debating. One aim of this paper is to call the academic's attention to the research methods of architectural archeology.