Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation than those with normal renal function, and the risk of thromboembolism is also increased. The bleeding risk of these patients is also relatively high, but the benefits of oral anticoagulants for this group are not yet clear. Warfarin is currently the most commonly used oral anticoagulant, and only a small number of dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation receive oral anticoagulant therapy. This article reviews the latest evidence of oral anticoagulants currently in use, especially in studies of patients with chronic kidney disease.