從內丹到內壯：早期《易筋經》的思想淵源和知識特色

From Inner Alchemy to Inner Strenght: The Intellectual Origins and Unique Methods of the Early Yijinjing

孫少遊(David Goldberger)

指導教授 ： 王鴻泰 ； 陳慧宏

國立臺灣大學/文學院/歷史學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.00812

摘要

《易筋經》最早出現於十七世紀，從此流傳了幾個不同的《易筋經》抄本，並有刻本和版本的出現。某些《易筋經》附有唐代李靖署名的序，而且序裡寫有達摩在少林寺傳授《易筋經》的神話。這個神話無疑地是《易筋經》成名的原因之一，而《易筋經》提供的煉身方法也增加了它的吸引力。
檢視早期的《易筋經》，如本論文所使用的錢遵王宣稱他所收集的抄本，會發現它的內容包含內丹術、養生術和導引術。因為這些練習方法在晚明都達到高峰，因此這個發現並不令人驚訝。不過，《易筋經》也創造了煉筋和膜的獨特方法，為了顯示《易筋經》受到內丹術的影響，我將其和十六世紀的內丹術經典《性命圭旨》做一比較。另外，為了指出《易筋經》的特色，我以它和十六世紀養生術的代表《遵生八箋》和《赤鳳髓》也有異同之比較。

關鍵字

易筋經 ； 性命圭旨 ； 遵生八箋 ； 赤鳳髓 ； 內導術 ； 養生術

並列摘要

The first Yijinjing (Sinews Transformation Classic) was probably written in the 17th century and since then different versions of it, both in the form of hand written manuscripts and books, have appeared. Some editions contain a preface singed by the Tang period general Li Jing which tells how Bodhidharma transmitted the Yijinjing to the monks of the Shaolin Monastery. This legend definitely contributed to the fame of the Yijinjing but its training methods might have also added to its appeal. When we consider the contents the of one early Yijinjing hand written manuscript ( An edition said to be part of Qian Zunwang’s collection) we can detect in it elements of inner alchemy , nourishing life and daoyin components. Since all these traditions have reached peak development and popularity during the Ming period it is safe to assume that the Yijinjing have been influenced by them. However the Yjinjing also contains its own, original, training methods which are meant to strengthen the sinews and membranes.
In order to show both the Yijinjing’s debt to previous works and its originality I will discuss the influence of the 16th century inner alchemy classic “Prescripts for Inner Nature and Destiny”(Xingming Guizhi) on it and then compare it to two Ming period classic works on self cultivation- “Eight Folios on Honoring Life “(Zunsheng bajian) and “Red Phoenix Marrow”(Chifengsui).I hope to show that although the Yijinjing devised original concepts and methods they can still be considered a part of China’s self cultivation tradition.

並列關鍵字

Yijinjing, Xingming Guizhi, ； Chifengsui ； inner alchemy ； nourishing life

參考文獻

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