我們與神聖及危險共存：紐西蘭Ngāti Rangi毛利人與Ruapehu山作為神聖地景

We Live With Sacredness and Danger: Ngāti Rangi Maori and Mt. Ruapehu as Wāhi Tapu

杜奕寧(Yi-Ning Tu)

指導教授 ： 童元昭 ； 郭佩宜

國立臺灣大學/文學院/人類學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.00860

摘要

本文以紐西蘭北島的Ngāti Rangi人為例，從這群人與Ruapehu山的互動方式，討論wāhi tapu(神聖空間)的意義在不同的歷史情境中，如何連結人群過去歷史與現在群體的認知。當Ruapehu山成為人群自我認知的象徵後，他就不再只是一座山，在Ngāti Rangi人遇到科學專家、政府及滑雪公司以風險管理的認識觀點，對Ruapehu山的火山災害進行災害管理時，這樣的認識觀點被突顯，成為Ngāti Rangi人與這些行動者協調、爭取環境管理權的媒介。
本研究希望透過不同時期中，Ngāti Rangi人與Ruapehu山的互動關係，討論Ngāti Rangi人看待地景的方式。筆者以為，tapu是Ngāti Rangi人地景觀的核心價值，人群與wāhi tapu在不同時期互動關係的改變，實則牽涉這套以tapu作為地景觀核心的知識，不斷地發生轉換與改變而來。

關鍵字

wāhi tapu ； tapu ； 毛利人 ； 人與環境

並列摘要

This article is abou how Ngāti Rangi Maori have interations with Mt. Ruapehu, which is their wāhi tapu, in different historical contexts. By interactions, the cultural meaning of wāhi tapu connects the ancestral past and group’s identity in the present. When actors, such as scientists, government and ski company, brought different ways to understand landscape and wished to conduct volcanic hazard management, the way Ngāti Rangi Maori regard Mt. Ruapehu as their group identity became more and more clear. This understanding has become Ngāti Rangi Maori’s practice as well as discourse to negotiate with the others and to claim their rights for environmental management.
This thesis discusses different ways of interactions between Ngāti Rangi people and Mt. Ruapehu, and how Ngāti Rangi people understand landscape. I argue that tapu is the core value of how they understand landscape. Different interactions between people and the mountain are related to the knowledge of tapu, and this knowledge has been keeping while changing through times.

並列關鍵字

wāhi tapu ； tapu ； Maori ； human and environment

參考文獻

於《寬容的人類學精神：劉斌雄先生紀念論文集》，中央研究院民族學研究

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1999 Risk Assessment in Environmental Policymaking. In Policy Studies

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1999 Two Properties, One Land: Law and Space in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand. Law & Social Inquiry 24(4):807-852.