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研究生：	施伯憲 Shih, Po-Hsien
論文名稱：	以漫畫為教學題材對台灣國中生英語閱讀流暢性之效益研究 The Effects of Manga on the Reading Fluency of EFL Junior High Students in Taiwan
指導教授：	李宜倩 Lee, Yi-Chien
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	英語學系 Department of English
論文出版年：	2017
畢業學年度：	106
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	71
中文關鍵詞：	漫畫、閱讀流暢度
英文關鍵詞：	Manga, reading fluency
DOI URL：	https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203144
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：110 下載：39
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過去幾十年來，視覺輔助長時間被運用在語言教學上，且在文本理解以及延長記憶有著正向的效果。閱讀書籍(例如：漫畫)在臺灣十分普遍並且一直深受青少年的歡迎。多數學者亦指出漫畫在教導學生閱讀敘事類文本及增進學生閱讀能力方面是項有效的題材。實施漫畫教學對青少年是合適的；然而，雖然先前的研究已指出漫畫對學習者的閱讀能力有正向的效果，卻極少提及在臺灣的國中教學環境中，以漫畫的視覺輔助來幫助英文外語的學習者的閱讀流暢度之可行性及實用性。受到目前閱讀興趣及視覺輔助相關議題的激勵，本研究旨在探討以漫畫為教學題材對臺灣國中生英語閱讀流暢性之效益研究。研究對象為北臺灣一所國中的兩班共三十九名學生，實驗為期八週，以每週一節實施；其中十七名是程度相對較高之學習者，另二十二名為較低成就學習者。研究者將能力較低班級作為實驗組實施英語漫畫閱讀，程度較高的班級則為對照組閱讀無視覺輔助的改編漫畫文本，並施以前、後測來瞭解漫畫題材是否有助於增進學習者的閱讀流暢度。
研究結果顯示：實驗組及對照組閱讀流暢度均有顯著的進步，從實驗組學生整體令人滿意的評量回饋可推知漫畫題材融入教學是可行的，研究者建議英語教師可整合不同類型並有趣的英文漫畫融入學期課程或補救教學中，進以提升學習者長期的語言學習並且增進其閱讀習慣。

Over the past few decades, visuals have been used in language teaching for a long time and are believed to have the facilitative effects on text comprehension and retention (Glenberg Langston et al., 1992). Reading materials like Manga (Japanese comic books) have been common and popular with many teenagers in Taiwan (Huang, 2006; Tong, 2002). Aliyah (2013) also indicated that Manga is an effective media to teach reading narrative texts to improve students’ reading ability. The implementation of Manga is suitable for teenagers or adolescents. Nevertheless, though previous studies have suggested the positive effect of Manga on learners’ reading proficiency, little research mentioned the feasibility and practicality of the visual aspect of Manga to facilitate EFL learners’ reading fluency in Junior High settings in Taiwan. With the inspiration of current interest and issues in reading comprehension and visual aids, this study aimed at examining the effectiveness of using Manga on reading fluency of junior high school students in Taiwan.
The participants were 39 ninth graders from two classes (17 for higher-proficiency class; 22, lower-proficiency class) in a junior high in Northern Taiwan. The researcher used the lower-proficiency class as the experimental group with English Manga and higher-proficiency class as the control group reading adapted texts without visual aids within eight periods of classes. Pre-test and post-test were conducted to examine if the integration of Manga facilitated the reading fluency of the participants.
The analyses demonstrated that students from both groups improved in terms of reading fluency. The overall satisfactory outcomes of evaluation of the intervention from the experimental group represent the feasibility of incorporating Manga. The researcher suggests that more teachers utilize interesting Manga of English version as part of the makeup course or even main course to promote long-term language learning and reading habit.

List of Tables    v
List of Figures    vi

Chapter One:  Introduction    1
1.1 The Need to Investigate the Effect of Manga    2
1.2 The Need to Assess Students’ Reading Fluency    5
1.3 Purpose of the Study    5
1.4 Research Questions:    6
1.5 Significance of the Present Study    6
1.6 Organization of the Study    7
1.7 Definitions of Terms    7

Chapter Two : Literature Review    10
2.1 Related Learning Theories about Manga Instruction    10
2.1.1 Dual Coding Theory    10
2.1.2 Multimodalities    11
2.1.3 Repetition Hypothesis    12
2.1.4 Mental Model Theory    13
2.1.5 Visual Input Enhancement    13
2.2 Studies on Visual Aid    14
2.3 The Effects of Visual Aids on Reading    14
2.3.1 Different Types of Visual Aids in Reading    16
2.4 Manga Reading    20
2.5 Reading Fluency    23
2.6 Reading Fluency Instruction    26
2.7 Assessment of Reading Fluency    30
2.8 Relationship Between Repeated Reading and Reading Fluency    32
2.9 Summary    33

Chapter Three: Methodology    34
3.1 Participants    34
3.2 Material Selection    34
3.2.1 Comparison of Readability of Selected Manga and Textbook    35
3.3 Procedure of the Main Study    37
3.3.1 Instrumentation    39
3.3.2 During the Program    40
3.4 Data-Collection Procedure    45
3.5 Data Analysis    45
Chapter Four: Results And Discussion    47
4.1 Overview    47
4.2 Results    47
4.2.1 Reading Rates    47
4.3 Discussion    50

Chapter Five: Conclusion    52
5.1 Limitation:    52
5.2 Directions for future research:    54
5.3 Pedagogical implications:    55
5.4 Conclusions:    56

References:    58
Appendix A: Comic Section from the Textbook    61
Appendix B: Reading Materials for the Treatment    62
Appendix C: Pre-test passage from GEPT    65
Appendix D: Adapted Reading Materials for the Control Group    66
Appendix E Onomatopoeia Acitvity Worksheet    68
Appendix F: Oral Fluency Assessment Roster    70
Appendix G: Manga Reading Worksheet    71

List of Tables
Table 1. Reading Rates of pre- and post-test of the experimental group   48
Table 1.1. Paired Samples Correlations of Experimental Group    48
Table 2. Reading Rates of pre- and post-test of the control group    49
Table 2.2 Paired Samples Correlations of Control Group    49
Table 3. Mean Scores for Pre-Posttest and Gains on Reading Fluency    49

List of Figures
Figure 1 : Schedule of the Manga Reading Program    38
Figure 2. Comparison of  pre- and post-reading rates in WCPM    49
                                

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