簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 曾于庭
Tseng, Yu-Ting
論文名稱: 國小教師成人依附風格、獨處能力與愛情關係滿意度之相關研究
The Relationship among Adult Attachment Styles, the Capacity to be Alone and Love Relationship Satisfaction of Elementary School Teachers in New Taipei City.
指導教授: 田秀蘭
Tien, Hsiu-Lan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 教育心理與輔導學系
Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling
論文出版年: 2016
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 145
中文關鍵詞: 成人依附風格獨處能力愛情關係滿意度
英文關鍵詞: adult attachment styles, the capacity to be alone, love relationship satisfaction
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202204258
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:146下載:25
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究目的旨在探討不同背景變項之國小教師在成人依附風格、獨處能力與愛情關係滿意度之間的差異與相關情形。研究過程採用立意取樣的方式,依照新北市九大教育區教師人數的比例分配,共抽取新北市26所公立國小,擔任主任、組長、導師及科任的教師,有效樣本共462人。本研究以問卷調查法進行資料蒐集,研究工具包括「人際依附風格量表」、「獨處能力量表」以及「關係評估量表」。所得資料以次數分配與百分比、描述統計、單因子多變量變異數分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析處理,研究結果如下:
    一、國小教師整體成人依附風格,在年齡、婚姻狀態等背景變項具有顯著差異,
      但不因性別、家中排行、教育程度等變項不同而有顯著差異存在。
    二、國小教師整體獨處能力,在性別背景變項具有顯著差異,但不因年齡、家中
      排行、教育程度、婚姻狀態等變項不同而有顯著差異存在。
    三、國小教師之愛情關係滿意度,在年齡背景變項具有顯著差異,但不因性別、
      家中排行、教育程度、婚姻狀態等變項不同而有顯著差異存在。
    四、國小教師之成人依附風格與獨處能力具有顯著相關存在。
    五、國小教師之獨處能力與愛情關係滿意度具有顯著相關存在。
    六、國小教師之成人依附風格與愛情關係滿意度具有顯著相關存在。
    七、成人依附風格與獨處能力對愛情關係滿意度有顯著預測力,其中以安全依附
      型對愛情關係滿意度之預測力最高。
      最後,研究者依據本研究結果進行討論,並提出具體建議做為教師自我成長、教育主管機關辦理研習活動及未來研究之參考。

    The purpose of the study was to explore the differences and relations among adult attachment styles, the capacity to be alone and love relationship satisfaction of elementary school teachers in terms of their different backgrounds. We also examined the predictability of adult attachment styles and the capacity to be alone to love relationship satisfaction for elementary school teachers.
    The sample consisted of 462 teachers from 26 elementary schools in New Taipei City with purposive sampling. The study gathered information through questionnaire surveys. The instruments applied were Attachment Style Scale, the Capacity to be Alone Scale and Relationship Assessment Scale. The obtained data were analyzed by frequency distribution & percentage, descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, independent-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results were as follows:
    1. The adult attachment styles of elementary school teachers varied significantly in terms of age, marital status, but not gender, birth order, educational level.
    2. The capacity to be alone of elementary school teachers varied significantly in terms of gender, but not age, birth order, educational level, marital status.
    3. The love relationship satisfaction of elementary school teachers varied significantly
    in terms of age, but not gender, birth order, educational level, marital status.
    4. There were significant correlations between adult attachment styles and the
    capacity to be alone.
    5. There were significant correlations between the capacity to be alone and love relationship satisfaction.
    6. There were significant correlations between adult attachment styles and love relationship satisfaction.
    7. The predictabilities of adult attachment styles and the capacity to be alone on love relationship satisfaction were significant. Among which the secure attachment style is the most predictable.
    Based on the results, suggestions for teacher’s self-growth, educational
    administration design programs or acticities, and future researches were discussed and
    proposed.

    誌謝詞 i 中文摘要 iii 英文摘要 v 目次 ...vii 表次 ix 圖次 xi 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 研究問題與假設 4 第三節 名詞釋義 5 第二章 文獻探討 9 第一節 成人依附風格理論基礎與相關研究 9 第二節 獨處能力理論基礎與相關研究 29 第三節 愛情關係滿意度理論基礎與相關研究 46 第三章 研究方法 59 第一節 研究架構 59 第二節 研究對象 60 第三節 研究工具 63 第四節 研究程序 69 第五節 資料處理 70 第四章 研究結果 73 第一節 國小教師成人依附風格、獨處能力與愛情關係滿意度之現況分析 73 第二節 不同背景變項的國小教師在成人依附風格、獨處能力與愛情關係 滿意度之差異分析 77 第三節 成人依附風格、獨處能力與愛情關係滿意度之相關分析 90 第四節 成人依附風格與獨處能力對愛情關係滿意度之迴歸分析 91 第五章 研究討論 95 第一節 不同背景變項的國小教師在成人依附風格、獨處能力與愛情關係 滿意度之差異情形討論 95 第二節 成人依附風格、獨處能力與愛情關係滿意度之相關結果討論 106 第三節 成人依附風格與獨處能力對愛情關係滿意度之迴歸分析結果討論 109 第六章 結論與建議 111 第一節 結論 111 第二節 建議 114 參考文獻 119 中文部分 119 西文部分 125 附錄 138 附錄一 138 附錄二 139 附錄三 140 附錄四 國小教師成人依附風格、獨處能力與愛情關係滿意度問卷 141

    參考文獻
    一、中文部分
    內政部統計年報(2016)。婚姻狀況【原始數據】。未出版之統計數據。取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/list.htm
    王俐雯(2012)。成年前期男女孤獨感與幸福感之相關研究-以網路使用者為例(未
      出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
    王健雅(2010)。八向度幽默風格量表之發展暨其與自尊、人格特質、依附風格
      關係之探討(未出版之博士論文)。國立師範大學,臺北市。
    王慶福(1995)。大學生愛情關係徑路模式之分析研究(未出版之博士論文)。
      國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
    王慶福(2000)。當男孩愛上女孩:人際依附風格類型搭配、愛情關係與關係適
      應之研究。中華輔導學報,8,177-201。
    王慶福、王郁茗(2007)。大學生知覺其人際依附風格對愛情關係適應之影響。
      國立臺灣師範大學教育心理學報,38(4),397-415。
    王慶福、林幸台、張德榮(1997)。人際依附風格、性別角色取向與人際親密能
      力之評量。中國測驗學會測驗年刊,44(2),63-78。
    白嘉玲(2010)。不同背景變項的單身成人依附風格、宗教認同態度和人際親密
      能力之關係研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    江雅芳(2012)。高雄市國中生依附風格、情緒智能及人際關係之研究(未出版
      之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    何冠瑩(2004)。大學生愛情關係之生氣表達、生氣滿意度對愛情滿意度的影響
      (未出版之碩士論文)。東吳大學,臺北市。
    呂松庭(2006)。關於獨生子女的七個迷思。張老師月刊,10,36-49。
    吳明隆(2014)。論文寫作與量化研究(四版)。臺北市:五南。
    吳昭儀(2004)。大學生的共依附與愛情態度之相關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。
      國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    吳彩貴(2012)。桃園縣國小六年級學童獨處能力、寂寞感與生活壓力之關聯性
      研究(未出版之碩士論文)。中原大學,桃園市。
    吳端靜(2011)。女大學生親職化、關係性自我與愛情關係適應之相關研究(未
      出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    吳嘉瑜(1996)。衝突原因、處理方式對愛情關係的影響-以焦慮依附型大學生為
      例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
    吳靜吉(1985)。害羞、寂寞、愛。臺北:遠流。
    林宛宜(2009)。夫妻依附風格與婚姻品質關係之研究—以臺中市地區為例(未
      出版之碩士論文)。中國文化大學,臺北市。
    林怡君(2007)。國小中高年級學童情緒智力、依附關係與幸福感之相關研究-以
      中部地區為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學,臺中市。
    林莉琪(2012)。已婚者依附風格、共依附特質與親密關係之相關研究(未出版
      之碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學,臺中市。
    林淑惠、黃韞臻(2009a)。大學生的獨處能力與其生活壓力、相關變項之關係研
      究---以台灣中部大學生為例。彰化師大教育研究學報,16,75-102。
    林淑惠、黃韞臻(2009b)。臺灣中部地區大學生獨處能力、生活壓力與身心健康
      之相關研究。新竹教育大學教育學報,26(1),33-62。
    邱秀貞(1987)夫妻溝通與婚姻滿足之研究--以台中市黎明社區及台中縣國宅社
      區為例(未出版之碩士論文)。東海大學,臺中市。
    洪菱(2014)。大學生成人依附風格與求助態度–以知覺的社會支持、社會污名、
      自我污名為中介變項研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北
      市。
    袁儷綺(2002)。獨生學童性別、年級與其依附關係、生活適應之相關研究–以
      臺南市為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺南大學,臺南市。
    張芳熒(2005)。愛情關係中對方衝突管理方式與自身關係滿意度之關聯(未出
      版之碩士論文)。輔仁大學,新北市。
    張春興(2006)。張氏心理學辭典(重訂版)。台北市:東華書局。
    張郁雯、柯永河(1987)。我國大學生心理社會發展與心理健康之相關研究。中
      華心理衛生學刊,3,107-124.
    許雅楓(2014)。老人依附傾向、依附對象、生命意義和憂鬱之關係研究(未出
      版之碩士論文)。國立屏東教育大學,屏東市。
    陳志賢(1998)。婚姻信念、婚姻溝通與婚姻滿意度之相關研究(未出版之碩士
      論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    陳怡憓(2009)。大學生人際依附風格、自尊與愛情滿意度研究(未出版之碩士
      論文)。國立嘉義大學,嘉義市。
    陳姵君(2008)。青少年依附關係、自我認同、獨處能力與情緒調節之關係(未
      出版之碩士論文)。國立師範大學,臺北市。
    陳淑芬(2003)。國中生獨處能力與主觀生活壓力、身心健康之關係研究(未
      出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    陳湘柔(2015)。成人愛情態度與愛情關係滿意度之相關研究(未出版之碩士論
      文)。國立臺中教育大學,臺中市。
    陳靜怡(2006)。大專生獨處狀態及其與身心健康之關係(未出版之碩士論文)。
      國立政治大學,臺北市。
    莊慧琳(2008)。大學生愛情關係之寂靜自我、愛情風格與關係滿意度之相關研
      究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立新竹教育大學,新竹市。
    彭思蓉(2010)。諮商系學生人際依附偏好、認知明確需求對同理心之影響研究
      (未出版之碩士論文)。國立嘉義大學,嘉義市。
    黃于芬(2007)。大學生人際壓力、自我壓力、獨處偏好、獨處經驗與憂鬱傾向
      關係之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立新竹教育大學,新竹市。
    黃于娟(1994)。性別、依附風格與自我坦露、幽默、撒嬌之關係(未出版之碩
      士論文)。國立政治大學,臺北市。
    黃思嘉(2014)。高中職學生依附風格、生涯信念與生涯決定困難之相關研究(未
      出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    黃曼婷(2001)。家庭主婦志願工作者社會支持、婚姻滿意度、親子關係之研究
      (未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,臺北市。
    黃鈴淯(2010)。高雄市國中生的父母教養方式、依附類型與其解釋風格之相關
      研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    黃薰緣(2014)。諮商期望、依附風格與諮商滿意關係之研究(未出版之碩士論
      文)。國立屏東教育大學,屏東市。
    黃瓈箴(2012)。大學生成人依附風格、自尊與人際親密能力之相關研究(未出
      版之碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學,臺中市。
    塗振洋(1995)。性別、排行、就學階段、依附風格與妒忌經驗、快樂感受之關
      係(未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,臺北市。
    楊惠敏(2007)。國小未婚教師原生家庭經驗、人際依附風格與婚姻態度之研究
      (未出版之碩士論文)。國立嘉義大學,嘉義市。
    廖秀娟(2009)。親子互動關係與大學生獨處能力之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。
      國立政治大學,臺北市。
    廖莉彣(2014)。大學生自我分化、衝突因應方式與愛情關係滿意度之相關研究
      (未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學,臺中市。
    劉玫英(2011)。大學生愛情中的愛情關係攻擊、愛情關係滿意度與依附風格之相
      關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立交通大學,新竹市。
    劉宸言(2014)。大學生親職化、成人依附風格與愛情關係滿意度之相關研究(未
      出版之碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學,臺中市。
    蔡玉慧(2008)。青少年的孤獨及其相關因素之研究(未出版之博士論文)。國
    立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    蔡秉芸(2011)。不同背景變項之成人依附風格、傷害事件因素與寬恕態度之相
      關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    蔡雨潔(2014)。壽險業務員人際依附風格、自我概念與工作績效之相關研究(未
      出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    蔡茹婷(2014)。青少年的獨處偏好與獨處能力:正念的調節效果(未出版之碩
      士論文)。中原大學,桃園市。
    蔡淑鈴(2001)。語言使用與職業階層化的關係:比較台灣男性的族群差異。台
      灣社會學,1,65-111。
    鄭羽芯(2006)。大學生人際依附風格、情緒表達方式與愛情關係滿意度之相關
      研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學,臺中市。
    賴妮蔚(2007)。有分手經驗之大不同性別大學生依附風格傾向與分手經驗之相
      關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    謝伊恬(2014)。大臺北地區單身者的人格特質、獨處能力與身心健康之相關研
      究(未出版之碩士論文)。中國文化大學,臺北市。
    謝宛軒(2010)。青少年獨處經驗及其相關因素之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。
      國立政治大學,臺北市。
    謝宜芳(2009)。老年人個人屬性、依附風格、心理需求與憂鬱情緒之關係研究
      –以高雄市長青學苑老年人為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,
      臺北市。
    謝維純(2014)。青少年依附關係、心理資本與幸福感之相關研究(未出版之碩
      士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    韓坤峰(2008)。人際依附風格與愛情態度之相關研究---以高雄市百貨公司化妝
      品專櫃小姐為例(未出版之碩士論文)。樹德科技大學,高雄市。
    顏世華(2012)。國小學童依附關係與行為困擾之相關研究–以台中市為例(未
      出版之碩士論文)。靜宜大學,臺中市。
    顏欣怡(2011)。大學生情侶的愛情風格、溝通姿態與關係滿意度及關係承諾度
      之對偶分析研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    顏亭如(2015)。高獨處能力大學生獨處經驗之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。中
      國文化大學,臺北市。
    羅立人(1999)。大學生的依附風格與寂寞感之相關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。
      國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
    蘇建文、林美珍、程小危、林惠雅、幸曼玲、陳李綢、吳敏而、柯華葳、陳淑美
      (1995)。發展心理學。臺北市:心理。
    蘇建文、龔美娟(1994)。母親的依附經驗、教養方式與學前兒童依附關係之相
      關研究。教育心理學報,27,1-33。
    蘇飛淨(2012)。大學生親子依附、人際依附與親密依附之相關研究(未出版之
      碩士論文)。國立新竹教育大學,新竹市。
    蘇逸珊(2002)。大學生依附風格、情緒智力與人際關係之相關研究(未出版之
      碩士論文)。國立屏東師範學院,屏東市。

    二、英文部分
    Adams, J. S. (1963) Toward an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Normal Social psychology, 67(5), 422-436.
    Adler, A. (1928). Characteristics of the first, second, third child. Children: The Magazine for Parents, 3(5), 14-52.
    Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1969). Object relations, dependency and attachment: A theoretical review of the infant-mother relationship. Child Development, 40(4), 969-1025.
    Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachment beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716.
    Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York: Springer- Verlag.
    Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244.
    Berlin, L. J. (1990). Infant mother attachment, loneliness, and the ability to be alone in early childhood (Unpublished master thesis). Pennsylvania State University.
    Berscheid, E., & Lopes, J. (1997). A temporal model of relationship satisfaction and stability. In R. J. Sternberg & M. Hojjat (Eds.), Satisfaction in close relationships (pp. 129-159). New York: Guilford Press.
    Bond, D. L. (1990). Loneliness and solitude: Some influences of object relations on the experiences of being alone(Unpublished master thesis). Boston University, Massachusetts.
    Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation, anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
    Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss, sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
    Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published 1969).
    Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human
    development. New York: Basic Books.
    Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). New York: Guilford Press.
    Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 3-35.
    Buchholz, E. S.(1997). The call of solitude: alonetime in a world of attachment. New York: Simon & Schuster.
    Burger, J. M. (1995). Individual differences in preference for solitude. Journal of Research in Personality, 29, 85-108.
    Casey, K., & Vanceburg, M. (1985). The promise of a new day: A book of daily meditations. New York: Harper/Hazelden.
    Canary, D. J., & Wahba, J. (2006). Do women work harder than men at maintaining relationships? In K. Dindia & D. J. Canary(Eds.), Sex differences and similarities in communication(2nd ed., pp. 359-377). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    Cho, W. C., & Cross, S. E. (1995). Taiwanese love styles and their association with self-esteem and relationship quality. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monography, 121(3), 283-309.
    Coleman, J. (1974). Relationships in adolescence. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
    Collins, N. L. (1996). Working models of attachment: Implications for explanation, emotion, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(4), 810-832.
    Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663.
    Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1994). Cognitive representations of adult attachment: The structure and function of working models. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships : Vol. 5. Attachment processes in adulthood (pp. 53-90). London: Jessica Kingsley.
    Creasey, G., & Hesson-McInnis, M. (2001). Affective responses, cognitive appraisals, and conflict tactics in late adolescent romantic relationships: Association with attachment orientations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(1), 85-96.
    Crowell, J. A., & Waters, E. (2005). Attachment representations, secure-base behavior, and the evolution of adult relationships: The stony brook adult relationship project. In K. E. Grossmann, K. Grossmann, & E. Waters (Eds.), Attachment from infancy to adulthood. The major longitudinal studies (pp. 223-244). New York: The Guilford Press.
    Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper-Collins.
    Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the experience sampling method. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175(9), 526-536.
    Davies, M. (1995). Loneliness: Theories, Models and Experiences(Unpublished P. H.D.thesis) University of Alberta.
    Davis, K. E., & Latty-Mann, H. (1987). Love styles and relationship quality: A contribution to validation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 4(4), 409-428.
    Davis, K. E., & Todd, M. J. (1985). Assessing friendship: Prototypes, paradigm cases, and relationship assessment. In S. W. Duck & D. Perlman(Eds.), Understanding personal relationships: An interdisciplinary approach(pp. 17-34). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
    deVries, M. W., Delespaul, P., & Dijkman-Caes, C. I. M. (1987). Affect and anxiety in daily life. In G. Racagni & E. Smeraldi (Eds.), Anxious depression assessment and treatment (pp. 21-32). New York: Raven Press.
    Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society (2nd ed.). New York: Norton.
    Feeney, J. A. (1994). Attachment style, communication patterns and satisfaction across the life cycle of marriage. Personal Relationships, 1(4), 333–348.
    Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment styles as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(2), 281-291.
    Feeney, J. A., Noller, P., & Callan, V. J. (1994). Attachment style, communication and satisfaction in the early years of marriage. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships: Vol. 5. Attachment processes in adulthood (pp. 269–308). London: Jessica Kingsley.
    Fletcher, G. J. O., Simpson, J. A., & Thomas, G. (2000). The measurement of perceived relationship quality components: A confirmatory factor analytic approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(3), 340-354.
    Foster, J. D., Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2007). Linking adult attachment to
    self-esteem stability. Self and Identity, 6(1), 64-73.
    Fraley, R. C. (2012). Information on the experience in close relationships-revised (ECR-R) adult attachment questionnaire. Retrieved from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. website: http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~rcfraley/measures/ecrr.htm
    Fromm. E. (1956). The art of loving: An enquiry into the nature of love. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.
    Fromm-Reichmann, F. (1959). On loneliness. Psychiatry, 2,1-15.
    Fuller, T. L., & Fincham, F. D. (1995). Attachment styles in married couples: Relation to current marital functioning, stability over time, and method of assessment. Personal Relationships, 2, 17-34.
    George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). The adult attachment interview (Unpublished manuscript). University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley.
    Glenn, N. D. (1990). Quantitative research on marital quality in the 1980s: A critical review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52(4), 818-831.
    Glenn, N. D., & Weaver, C. N. (1979). A note on family situation and global happiness. Social Forces, 57, 960-967.
    Glenn, N. D., & Weaver, C. N. (1981). The Contribution of marital happiness to global happiness. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43(2), 161-168.
    Glenn, N. D., & Weaver, C. N. (1988). The changing relationship of marital status to reported happiness. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50(2), 317-324.
    Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books..
    Goffman, E. (1971). Relations in public: Microstudies of the public order. New York: Harper & Row.
    Gotesky, R. (1965). Aloneness, loneliness, isolation, solitude. In J. M. Edie(Eds.), An invitation to phenomenology(pp. 211-239). Chicago: Quadrangleooks.
    Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524.
    Hazan, C., & Zeifman, D. (1994). Sex and the psychological tether. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships, (Vol. 5, pp. 151-180). London: Jessica Kingsley.
    Hendrick, S. S. (1981). Self-disclosure and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 1150-1159.
    Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of
    Marriage and the Family, 50(1), 93-98.
    Hendrick, C., Hendrick, S. (1986). A theory and method of love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(2), 392-402.
    Hendrick, S. S., & Hendrick, C. (1997). Love and satisfaction. In R. J. Sternberg & M. Hojjat(Eds.), Satisfaction in close relationships(pp. 56-78). New York: Guilford Press.
    Holmes, J. (1993). John Bowlby and attachment theory. New York: Routledge.
    Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), 597-606.
    Johnson, C., & Larson, R. (1982). Bulimia: An analysis of moods and behavior. Psychosomatic Medicine, 44, 341-351.
    Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence. New York, NY: Wiley.
    Kernberg, O. (1976). Object-relations theory in clinical psychoanalysis. New York: Aroson.
    Kobak, R. R. (1985). The transition to college: Attitudes toward attachment and social competence(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
    Kobak, R. R., Cole, H. E., Ferenz-Gillies, R., Fleming, W. S., & Gamble, W. (1993). Attachment and emotion regulation during mother-teen problem solving: A control theory analysis. Child Development , 64, 231-245.
    Koch, P. (1994). Solitude: A philosophical encounter. Chicago: Open Court.
    Kroger, J. (1985). Relationships during adolescence: A cross-national comparison of New Zealand and United States teenager. Journal of Adolescence, 8, 47-56.
    Kubey, R., Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Experience sampling method applications to communication research questions. Journal of communication, 46(2), 99-120.
    Larson, R. (1990). The solitary side of life: An examination of the time people spend alone from children to old age. Development Review, 10, 155-183.
    Larson, R. (1997). The emergence of solitude as s constructive domain of experience in early adolescence. Child Development Review, 10(1), 155-183.
    Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1978). Experiential correlates of time alone in adolescence. Journal of Personality, 46(4), 677-693.
    Larson, R., & Lee, M. (1996). The capacity to be alone as a stress buffer. Journal of Social Psychology, 136(1), 5-16.
    Larson, R., Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Graef, R. (1982). Time alone in daily experience: Loneliness or renewal? In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy (pp. 40-53). New York: Wiley-Inrerscience.
    Leary, M. R. (1983). Undertanding social anxiety: Social, personality and clinical perspectives. Berverly Hills, California: Sage.
    Lee, J. A. (1973). Colors of Love: An exploration of the ways of loving. Toronto: New Press.
    Levy, M. B., & Davis, K. E. (1988). Lovestyles and attachment styles compared: Their
    relations to each other and to various relationship characteristics. Journal of
    Social and Personal Relationships, 5, 439-471.
    Loflin, P. M. (1998). Self-concept differences in Hispanic and Anglo-American males
    and females. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 59(3-B), 1370.
    Long, C. R. (2000). A comparison of positive and negative episodes of solitude
    (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
    Long, C. R., & Averill, J. R. (2003). Solitude: An exploration of benefits of being alone.
    Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 33(1), 21-44.
    Lopez, F. G. (1995). Contemporary attachment theory: An introduction with implications for counseling psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 23, 395-415.
    Lussier, Y., Sabourin, S., & Turgeon, C. (1997). Coping strategies as moderators of the relationship between attachment and marital adjustment. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14, 777–791.
    Mahler, M. (1966). Notes on the development of basic moods: The depressive affect. In R. M. Lowenstein, L. M. Newman, A. Schur & A. Solurt (Eds.), Psychoanalysis: A general psychology (pp. 152-168). New York: International Universities.
    Mahler, M. (1968). On human symbiosis and the vicissitudes of individuality. New York: International Universities.
    Main, M., & Goldwyn, R. (1994). Adult attachment rating and classification system, version 6.0 (Unpublished manuscript). University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley.
    Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 66-104.
    Marcoen, A., & Goossens, L. (1993). Loneliness, attitude towards aloneness, and solitude: Age differences and developmental significance during adolescence. In S. Jackson & H. Rodriguez-Tome(Eds.), Adolescence and its world(pp. 197-227). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    Marcoen, A., Goossen, L., & Caes, P. (1987). Loneliness in pre-through late adolescence: Exploring the contributions of a multidimensional approach. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 561-577.
    Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality(2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
    Meyers, S. A., & Landsberger, S. A. (2002). Direct and indirect pathways between adult attachment and marital satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 9(2), 159-172.
    Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Tolmacz, R. (1990). Attachment styles and fear of personal death: A case study of affect regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(2), 273-280.
    Moustakas, C. E. (1972). Loneliness and love. Engelwood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall.
    Paterson, R. J., & Moran, G. (1988). Attachment theory, personality development, and psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 611-636.
    Pietromonaco, P. R., & Barrett, L. F. (2000). The internal working models concept: What do we really know about the self in relation to others? Review of General Psychology, 4(2), 155-175.
    Plotka, R. (2011). Adult Attachment Interview. In Goldstein, S., & Naglieri J. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_68
    Reynolds, D. (1980). The quiet therapies: Japanese pathways to personal growth. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii.
    Robert, A., & Pistole, M. C., (2009). Long-distance and proximal romantic relationship satisfaction: Attachment and closeness predictors. Journal of College Counseling, 12(1), 5-17.
    Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
    Rokach, A. (2011). From loneliness to belonging: A review. Psychology Journal, 8(2), 70-81.
    Rubin, Z. (1970). Measurement of Romantic Love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16(2), 265-273.
    Rubin, Z. (1973). Liking and Loving: An invitation to social psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
    Rusbult, C. E. (1980). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic association: A test of the investment model. Journal of Experiment Social Psychology, 16, 172-186.
    Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements.
    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 101-117.
    Rusbult, C. E., & Martz, J. M. (1995). Remaining in an abusive relationship: An investment model analysis of nonvoluntary commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 558-571.
    Rusbult, C. E., Martz, J. M., & Agnew, C. R. (1998). The investment model scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357-391.
    Senchak, M., & Leonard, K. (1992). Attachment styles and marital adjustment among newlywed couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 9, 51-64.
    Shaver, P. R., & Brennan, K. A. (1992). Attachment styles and the big five personality traits: Their connections with romantic relationship outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(5), 536-545.
    Shaver, P. R., & Hazan, C. (1988). A biased overview of the study of love. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 5(4), 473-501.
    Shi, L. (1999). Conflict resolution in romantic relationships: An examination of adult attachment and early attachment experience. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Texas Tech University.
    Siegel, D. J. (1999). The developing mind:Toward a neurobiology of interpersonal experience. New York: Guilford Press.
    Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (1998). Attachment theory and close relationships. New York: Guilford Press.
    Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scale for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of marriage and the family, 38(1), 15-28.
    Sternberg, R. J. (1986). A triangular theory of love. Psychological Review, 93, 119-135.
    Sternberg, R. J., & Barnes, M. J. (1985). Real and ideal others in romantic relationships: Is four a crowd. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49,1589-1596.
    Storr, A. (1988). Solitude: A return to the self. New York: Free Press.
    Suedfeld, P. (1974). Social isolation: A case for interdisciplinary research. The Canadian Psychologist, 1, 1-15.
    Sullivan, H. S.(1953). The international theory of psychology. New York: Horton.
    Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York, NY: Wiley.
    Waite, L. J. (1995). Does marriage matter? Demography, 32, 483-507.
    Walster, E., Walster, G. W., & Berscheid, E. (1978). Equity: Theory and research. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, Inc.
    Waters, E., Merrick, S., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., & Albersheim, L. (2000). Attachment security in infancy and early adulthood: A twenty-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 71 (3), 684-689.
    Weiss, R. S. (1991). The attachment bond in childhood and adulthood. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 66 -76), London: Routledge.
    Winnicott, D. W. (1958). The capacity to be alone. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 39, 416-420.
    Wong, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Affiliation motivation and daily experience: Some issues on gender differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(1), 154-164.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE