簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 鄭念茲
Cheng, Nien-Tzu
論文名稱: 臺灣成年人志願服務動機與生活滿意度之關係:以平衡時間觀、心盛為中介變項
The Relationship between Volunteering Motivation, Balanced Time Perspective, Flourishing, and Life Satisfaction among Adulthood in Taiwan
指導教授: 陳慧娟
Chen, Huey-Jiuan
口試委員: 李宜玫 林小慧 陳慧娟
口試日期: 2021/07/15
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 教育心理與輔導學系
Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 117
中文關鍵詞: 平衡時間觀心盛生活滿意度志願服務動機
英文關鍵詞: balanced time perspective, flourishing, life satisfaction, volunteering motivation
研究方法: 問卷調查法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101486
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:57下載:29
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究旨在了解臺灣成人志願服務動機、生活滿意度、心盛和平衡時間觀的關係,藉由年齡階段、生理性別為背景變項,檢驗各變項間的差異。本研究對象為臺灣地區20歲以上(含20歲)的志願服務者,共728人,研究工具包含「志願服務動機量表」、「生活滿意度量表」、「時間觀量表」與「心盛量表」,並採用描述統計、Pearson相關、多元迴歸、單因子變異數分析及獨立樣本t檢定進行分析。本研究之主要研究結果呈列如下:

    一、志願服務動機、平衡時間觀、心盛與生活滿意度呈顯著正相關。
    二、平衡時間觀與心盛對志願服務動機與生活滿意度的關係有序列中介效果。
    三、不同年齡階段成人之志願服務動機、平衡時間觀、心盛與生活滿意度皆有顯著差異。志願服務動機方面,低年齡顯著小於中年齡、高年齡;生活滿意度方面,低年齡顯著小於中年齡,中年齡顯著小於高年齡;平衡時間觀方面,低年齡顯著小於中年齡;心盛方面,低年齡顯著小於高年齡。不同生理性別成人之志願服務動機、生活滿意度皆具有顯著差異,男性的志願服務動機與生活滿意度皆小於女性。

      本研究將根據以上的結果進行討論,並提出具體建議,以供實務工作及未來研究之參考。

    The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between volunteering motivation, balanced time perspective, flourishing, and life satisfaction among adulthood in Taiwan. Different demographic variables, such as age and gender, were also collected to explore their differences between samples. A total of 728 samples had been collected. All of the participants completed the Volunteering Motivation Scale, Balanced Time Perspective Scale, Flourishing Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale. The data was analyzed via descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, ANOVA, and t-Test. The results are shown as follow.

    1. There were significant positive relationship between volunteering motivation,
     balanced time perspective, flourishing, and life satisfaction.
    2. Balanced time perspective and flourishing have serial mediation effect towards
     volunteering motivation and life satisfaction.
    3. Volunteering motivation, balanced time perspective, flourishing, and life
    satisfaction varied significantly in age; while volunteering motivation and life satisfaction varied significantly in gender.

    Based on the results, discussions and suggestions were provided to practitioners and further researchers in this area.

    誌謝詞 i 中文摘要 iii 英文摘要 v 目次 vii 表次 ix 圖次 xi 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 研究問題 5 第三節 名詞解釋 5 第二章 文獻探討 9 第一節 志願服務動機理論與相關研究 9 第二節 生活滿意度理論與相關研究 12 第三節 平衡時間觀理論與相關研究 14 第四節 心盛理論與相關研究 17 第五節 志願服務動機、平衡時間觀、心盛與生活滿意度的關係 20 第三章 研究方法 27 第一節 研究架構與假設 27 第二節 研究參與者 28 第三節 研究工具 30 第四節 研究程序 40 第五節 資料處理與分析 41 第四章 研究結果 45 第一節 志願服務動機與生活滿意度之關係 45 第二節 志願服務動機與平衡時間觀之關係 46 第三節 時間觀與生活滿意度之關係 48 第四節 志願服務動機與心盛之關係 50 第五節 心盛與生活滿意度之關係 51 第六節 時間觀與心盛之關係 52 第七節 志願服務動機、生活滿意度的關係: 以平衡時間觀、心盛為序列 中介因子 53 第八節 不同背景變項和志願服務動機、生活滿意度、心盛與平衡時間觀的差異性 57 第五章 結論與建議 67 第一節 結論 67 第二節 建議與限制 68 參考文獻 75 中文部分 75 英文部分 77 附錄 103 附錄一 量表使用同意書 103 附錄二 全變項相關矩陣 106 附錄三 平衡時間觀預試量表因素分析 107 附錄四 預試量表 109 附錄五 正式量表 114

    內政部合作及人民團體司籌備處(2021):內政部統計年報:中央政府所轄人民團體。https://ws.moi.gov.tw/001/Upload/400/relfile/0/4405/aa35d622-40fb-49d4-921d-9950e3720fa8/year/y04-01.xls
    余民寧、陳柏霖、陳玉樺(2018):巔峰型教師的樣貌:圓滿幸福、知覺工作壓力、靈性幸福感及心理健康之關係。教育心理學報,50(1),1–30。https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.201809_50(1).0001
    余伯泉、余思賢、危芷芬、李茂興、陳舜文(譯)(2019):社會心理學(原書第九版)(原作者:Elliot Aronson、Robin M. Akert、Samuel R. Sommers、Timothy D. Wilson)。揚智文化。(原著出版年:2010)
    李聲吼、張麗玉、謝振裕、曾儀芬(2019):社區志工參與服務動機之探討:以南臺灣某縣市為例。人文社會科學研究,13(1),1–12。https://doi.org/10.6284/NPUSTHSSR.201903_13(1).1
    林佳靜、陳志賢、謝曜任(2018):高齡者心理健康問題、心理需求滿足與生活滿意度之相關研究。臺灣諮商心理學報,6(1),79–109。https://doi.org/10.29824/JTCP
    林麗味、許瓈勻、蕭欣宜、黃國城、王香蘋、葉淑惠(2018):社區高齡者參與志願服務動機、社會支持及生活滿意度。長庚護理,29(4),517–532。https://doi.org/10.6386/CGN.201812_29(4).0002
    吳清山、林雍智(2021):教育學門論文寫作格式指引:APA格式第七版之應用。心理出版社。
    高立學、黃瑞灥(2019):國家層次分析休閒時間、家庭、工作重視程度和健康、快樂、生活滿意度之關係-世界價值觀調查。全球運動與休閒管理期刊,2(1),18–36。https://doi.org/10.6616/GSRM.201906_2(1).0002
    陳怡良、林燕珊(2019):「馬來西亞籍新住民」歧視知覺、社會支持與生活滿意度之研究。管理資訊計算,8(2),161–175。 https://doi.org/10.6285/MIC.201908/SP_02_8.0014
    陳昭華、黃肇璿(2019):宅配人員工作壓力與因應行為對生活滿意度影響之研究。輔仁管理評論,26(2),43–78。https://doi.org/10.29698/FJMR
    陳柏熹(2011):心理與教育測驗:測驗編製理論與實務。精策教育。
    陳順宇、陳譽仁(2015):結構方程模式:中介干擾效果。三民書局。
    陳慧娟、游心慈、劉怡佳(2016):教育鐘點戰:時間觀在適性教學與輔導的啟示。中等教育,67(1),18–35。https://doi.org/10.6249/SE.2016.67.1.03
    黃子珉、古國宏、蔡永川、吳明憲(2019):屏東縣內埔社區婦女舞蹈運動參與對幸福感及生活滿意度之探討。社會服務與休閒產業研究,8,1–12。https://doi.org/10.6324/SSLIR.201908_(8).0001
    黃芳銘(2007):結構方程模式:理論與應用。五南。
    黃敏銓、藍孝勤(2018):新北市板橋區高齡者運動參與行為與生活滿意度之研究。運動知識學報,15,1–14。https://doi.org/10.29596/BGYY
    顏志龍、鄭中平(2019):給論文寫作者的統計指南:傻瓜也會跑統計。五南。
    Akirmak, U., Tuncer, N., Akdogan, M., & Erkat, O. B. (2019). The associations of basicpsychological needs and autonomous-related self with time perspective: The cultural and familial antecedents of balanced time perspective. Personality And Individual Differences, 139, 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.008
    Anderson, N. D., Damianakis, T., Kröger, E., Wagner, L. M., Dawson, D. R., Binns, M. A., Bernstein, S., Caspi, E., Cook, S. L., & The BRAVO Team. (2014). The benefits associated with volunteering among seniors: A critical review and recommendations for future research. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1505–1533. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037610
    Aranda, M., Topa, G., & Zappalà, S. (2019). Motivations for volunteerism, satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion: The moderating effect of volunteers’ age. Sustainability, 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164477
    Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality And Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173
    Bassous, M. (2015). What are the Factors that Affect Worker Motivation in Faith-Based Nonprofit Organizations? Voluntas, 26, 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9420-3
    Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
    Bjälkebring, P., Henning, G., Västfjäll, D., Dickert, S., Brehmer, Y., Buratti, S., Hansson, I., & Johansson, B. (2021). Helping out or helping yourself? Volunteering and life satisfaction across the retirement transition. Psychology and Aging, 36(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000576.supp
    Boniwell, I., Osin, E., Linley, P. A., & Ivanchenko, G. V. (2010). A question of balance: Time perspective and well-being in British and Russian samples. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903271181
    Boniwell, I. & Zimbardo, P. (2012). Balancing time perspective in pursuit of optimal functioning. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 165–178). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939338
    Brayley, N., Obst, P., White, K. M., Lewis, I. M., Warburton, J., & Spencer, N. M. (2014). Exploring the validity and predictive power of an extended volunteer functions inventory within the context of episodic skilled volunteering by retirees. Journal of Community Psychology, 42(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21583
    Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
    Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
    Carelli, M. G., Wiberg, B., & Wiberg, M. (2011). Development and construct validation of the Swedish Zimbardo time perspective inventory. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27(4), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000076
    Carelli, M., & Olsson, C. J. (2015). Neural Correlates of Time Perspective: An fMRI study. In M. Stolarski, N. Fieulaine & W. van Beek (Eds.), Time perspective theory; Review, research and application (pp. 231–242). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07368-2_15
    Chacón, F., Vecina, M. L., & Dávila, M. C. (2007). The three-stage model of volunteers’ duration of service. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(5), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.5.627
    Charlesworth, G., Sinclair, J., Brooks, A., Sullivan, T., Ahmad, S., & Poland, F. (2016). The impact of volunteering on the volunteer: Findings from a peer support programme for family carers of people with dementia. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(2), 548–558. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12341
    Chua, B. L., Meng, B., & Ryu, H. S. (2021). Participate in volunteer tourism again? Effect of volunteering value on temporal re-participation intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.12.003
    Chuderski, A., Taraday, M., Nęcka, E., & Smoleń, T. (2012). Storage capacity explains fluid intelligence but executive control does not. Intelligence, 40(3), 278–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2012.02.010
    Clary, E. G., & Snyder, M. (1999). The motivations to volunteer: theoretical and practical considerations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(5), 156–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00037
    Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J., & Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1516–1530. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1516
    Cobb, C. L., Meca, A., Branscombe, N. R., Schwartz, S. J., Xie, D., Zea, M. C., Fernandez, C. A., & Sanders, G. L. (2019). Perceived discrimination and well-being among unauthorized Hispanic immigrants: The moderating role of ethnic/racial group identity centrality. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 25(2), 280–287. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000227
    Coffey, J. K., & Warren, M. T. (2020). Comparing adolescent positive affect and self-esteem as precursors to adult self-esteem and life satisfaction. Motivation & Emotion, 44(5), 707–718. https://doi.org /10.1007/s11031-020-09825-7
    Cornelis, I., Van Hiel, A., & Cremer, D. (2013). Volunteer work in youth organizations: Predicting distinct aspects of volunteering behavior from self- and other-oriented motives. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(2), 456–466. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2013.01029.x
    Cuthbert, J. P., Harrison-Felix, C., Corrigan, J. D., Bell, J. M., Haarbauer-Krupa, J. K., & Miller, A. C. (2015). Unemployment in the United States after traumatic brain injury for working-age individuals: Prevalence and associated factors 2 years postinjury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 30(3), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000090
    Datu, J. A. D. (2018). Flourishing is associated with higher academic achievement and engagement in Filipino undergraduate and high school students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9805-2
    Datu, J. A. D., McInerney, D. M., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M., Hitokoto, H., & Datu, N. D. (2021). Is grittiness next to happiness? Examining the association of triarchic model of grit dimensions with well-being outcomes. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 981–1009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00260-6
    Daugherty, J. R., & Brase, G. L. (2010). Taking time to be healthy: Predicting health behaviors with delay discounting and time perspective. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(2), 202–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.10.007
    Dávila, M. C., & Chacón, F. (2004). Variables sociodemográficas y permanencia de diferentes tipos de voluntariado. Papeles del Psicólogo, 25(89), 44–57. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2004-19992-015
    Davis, L. L., Fowler, S. A., Best, L. A., & Both, L. E. (2019). The role of body image in the prediction of life satisfaction and flourishing in men and women. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(2), 505–524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00093-y
    Dawkins, R. (2006). The selfish gene. Oxford University Press.
    de la Fuente, R., Parra, A., Sanchez-Queija, I., & Lizaso, I. (2020). Flourishing during emerging adulthood from a gender perspective. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(11), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00204-9
    Diener, E., Robert, A. E., Randy, J. L. & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
    Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009). Subjective well-being: A general overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402
    Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
    Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11205-009-9493-Y
    Dorner, L., & Rózsa, S. (2018). Personality profile and life satisfaction of volunteers and non-volunteers—Are there differences? Erdélyi Pszichológiai Szemle, 19(2), 3–30. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-36249-001
    Drake, L., Duncan, E., Sutherland, F., Abernethy, C., & Henry, C. (2008). Time perspective and correlates of wellbeing. Time & Society, 17(1), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X07086304
    Emad, F., Saima M. A., & Hina S. (2018). Impact of motivation behind volunteerism on satisfaction with life among university students. Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 3(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.32879/pjpbs.2017.3.2.175-187
    Erasmus, B., & Morey, P. (2016). Faith-based volunteer motivation: exploring the applicability of the volunteer functions inventory to the motivations and satisfaction levels of volunteers in an Australian faith-based organization. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary & Nonprofit Organizations, 27(3), 1343–1360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-016-9717-0
    Finkelstein, M. A. (2011). Correlates of individualism and collectivism: Predicting volunteer activity. Social Behavior and Personality, 39, 597–606. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.5.597
    Finkelstein, M. A. (2010). Individualism/collectivism: Implications for the volunteer process. Social Behavior and Personality, 38, 445–452. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.4.445
    Freund, A. M., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2014). Age-related differences in altruism across adulthood: making personal financial gain versus contributing to the public good. Developmental Psychology, 50(4), 1125–1136. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034491
    Garcia, D., Sailer, U., Nima, A. A., & Archer, T. (2016). Questions of time and affect: a person’s affectivity profile, time perspective, and well-being. PeerJ, 4, Article e1826. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1826
    García, J. A., & Ruiz, B. (2015). Exploring the role of time perspective in leisure choices. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(5), 515–537. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2015-v47-i5-5876
    Gestsdottir, S., Arnarsson, A., Magnusson, K., Arngrimsson, S. A., Sveinsson, T., & Johannsson, E. (2015). Gender differences in development of mental well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: An eight-year follow-up study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 43(3), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494815569864
    González-Rivera, J., Rosario-Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez-Ramos, E., Hernández-Gato, I., & Torres-Báez, L. (2019). Are believers happier than atheists? well-being measures in a sample of atheists and believers in Puerto Rico. Interacciones, 5, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.24016/2019.v5n1.160
    Griffin, E., & Wildbur, D. (2020). The role of balanced time perspective on student well-being and mental health: A mixed-methods study. Mental Health & Prevention, 18, Article 200181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2020.200181
    Guerra, S. R. C., Demain, S. H., Figueiredo, D., & Sousa, L. (2012). Being a volunteer: motivations, fears, and benefits of volunteering in an intervention program for people with dementia and their families. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 36, 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2011.647538
    Halim, J., Margaretha, S., & Honantha, C. (2018). Consumer's response to e-mail advertisement from tour and travel agency in Indonesia. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 186, 162–165. https://doi.org/10.2991/insyma-18.2018.40
    Hansen T., Aartsen, M., Slagsvold, B., & Deindl, C. (2018). Dynamics of volunteering and life satisfaction in midlife and old age: findings from 12 European countries. Innovation in Aging, 2, 657. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.2449
    Haski-Leventhal D & Bargal D. (2008). The volunteer stages and transitions model: Organizational socialization of volunteers. Human Relations, 61(1), 67–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726707085946
    Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium, Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
    Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
    Hayes, A. F. (2021). PROCESS macro for SPSS (Version 3.5.3) [Computer software]. http://www.processmacro.org/download.html
    Haybron, D. M. (2016). The philosophical basis of eudaimonic psychology. In Joar Vittersø (Eds.), Handbook of Eudaimonic Well-being, (pp. 191–204). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_2
    Heller, D., Watson, D., & Ilies, R. (2006). The dynamic process of life satisfaction. Journal of Personality, 74(5), 1421–1450. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00415.x
    Ho, M. Y., Cheung, F. M., & Cheung, S. F. (2010). The role of meaning in life and optimism in promoting well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(5), 658–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.008
    Holman, E. A., Silver, R. C., Mogle, J. A., & Scott, S. B. (2016). Adversity, time, and well-being: A longitudinal analysis of time perspective in adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 31(6), 640–651. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000115
    Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
    Huang L.-H. (2019). Well-being and volunteering: Evidence from aging societies in Asia. Social Science & Medicine, 229, 172–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.004
    Huta V. (2016). Eudaimonic and hedonic orientations: Theoretical considerations and research findings. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_15
    Huta, V. & Waterman, A. S. (2014). Eudaimonia and its distinction from hedonia: Developing a classification and terminology for understanding conceptual and operational definitions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(6), 1425–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9485-0
    Huppert, F. A., & So, T. T. (2013). Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Social Indicators Research, 110(3), 837–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9966-7
    Hurst, A., Coyne, E., Kellett, U., & Needham, J. (2019). Volunteers motivations and involvement in dementia care in hospitals, aged care and resident homes: An integrative review. Geriatric Nursing, 40(5), 478–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2019.03.010
    Jankowski, K. S., Zajenkowski, M., & Stolarski, M. (2020). What are the optimal levels of time perspectives? Deviation from the balanced time perspective-revisited (DBTP-r). Psychologica Belgica, 60(1), 164–183. http://doi.org/10.5334/pb.487
    Jankowski, P. J., Sandage, S. J., Bell, C. A., Davis, D. E., Porter, E., Jessen, M., Motzny, C. L., Ross, K. V., & Owen, J. (2020). Virtue, flourishing, and positive psychology in psychotherapy: An overview and research prospectus. Psychotherapy, 57(3), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000285
    Jiang, D., Hosking, D., Burns R. & Anstey, K. J. (2019). Volunteering benefits life satisfaction over 4 years: The moderating role of social network size. Australian Journal of Psychology, 71(2), 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12217
    Juengst, S. B., Adams, L. M., Bogner, J. A., Arenth, P. M., O'Neil-Pirozzi, T. M., Dreer, L. E., Hart, T., Bergquist, T. F., Bombardier, C. H., Dijkers, M. P., & Wagner, A. K. (2015). Trajectories of life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury: Influence of life roles, age, cognitive disability, and depressive symptoms. Rehabilitation Psychology, 60(4), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000056
    Kahana, E., Bhatta, T., Lovegreen, L. D., Kahana, B., & Midlarsky, E. (2013). Altruism, helping, and volunteering: pathways to well-being in late life. Journal of Aging and Health, 25(1), 159–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264312469665
    Kamerāde, D., & Bennett, M. R. (2018). Rewarding work: Cross-National differences in benefits, volunteering during unemployment, well-being and mental health. Work, Employment and Society, 32(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017016686030
    Kaya, Z., & Çenesiz, G. (2020). The predictor roles of life-satisfaction, and intrinsic-extrinsic motivation on the psychological well-being of pre-service teachers. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 7, 1370–1387. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349466551
    Kee, Y. H., Li, C., Wang, J. C. K., & Kailani, M. I. B. (2018). Motivations for volunteering and its sssociations with time perspectives and life satisfaction: A latent profile approach. Psychological Reports, 121(5), 932–951. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117741653
    Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
    Keyes, C. L. M. (2005). Mental illness and/or mental Health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 539–548. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539
    Keyes, C. L. M. (2009). Brief description of the mental health continuum short form. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/health-happiness/mental-health-continuum-short-form
    Keyes, C. L. M. (2010). Flourishing. In I. B. Weiner & W. E. Craighead (Eds.), The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology (pp. 99–107). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0363
    Kinnunen, S. M., Puolakanaho, A., Mäkikangas, A., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2020). Does a mindfulness-, acceptance-, and value-based intervention for burnout have long-term effects on different levels of subjective well-being? International Journal of Stress Management, 27(1), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000132
    Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, fourth edition (4rd ed.). Guilford Press.
    Knight, Z. G. (2017). A proposed model of psychodynamic psychotherapy linked to Erik Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(5), 1047–1058. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2066
    Kong, F., Ding, K., & Zhao, J. (2015). The relationships among gratitude, self-esteem, social support and life satisfaction among undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(2), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9519-2
    Konowalczyk, S., Mello, Z. R., Röske, L. A. S., Buhl, M., Heim, R., & Worrell, F. C. (2018). Adolescent and adult time inventory-time attitude Scales: validity and contributions to physical activity and self-concept in Spanish adolescents. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 7(2), 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/ipp0000084
    Korff, J., & Biemann, T. (2020). Adjusting the lookout: Subjective health, loneliness, and life satisfaction predict future time perspective. Psychology and Aging, 35(8), 1170–1183. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000513
    Kostic, A., & Chadee, D. (2017). Time perspective : theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
    Kwok, Y. Y., Chui, W. H., & Wong, L. P. (2012). Need satisfaction mechanism linking volunteer motivation and life satisfaction: A mediation study of volunteers subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1315–1329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0204-8
    Li, Y. P., Chen, Y. M., Chen, C. H. (2013). Volunteer transitions and physical and psychological health among older adults in Taiwan. The Journal of Gerontology, 68(6), 997–1008. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt098
    Lu, M., Li, A. Y., Fung, H. H., Rothermund, K., & Lang, F. R. (2018). Different future time perspectives interplay in predicting life satisfaction. GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(3), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000192
    Maciuszek, J., Polczyk, R., & Tucholska, K. (2019). Direct and indirect relationships between life satisfaction, values, and time perspectives: Research on a sample of Polish students. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 15, 133–142. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0263-0
    McLean, A. M., Jarus, T., Hubley, A. M., & Jongbloed, L. (2014). Associations between social participation and subjective quality of life for adults with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal, 36(17), 1409–1418. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2013.834986
    Maki, A., Dwyer, P. C., & Synder, M. (2016). Time perspective and volunteerism: The importance of focusing on the future. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156, 334-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1090946
    Marchesano, K., & Musella, M. (2020). Does volunteer work affect life satisfaction of participants with chronic functional limitations? An empirical investigation. Socio-Economic planning Sciences, 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2019.04.005
    Mayr, U., Freund, A. M. (2020). Do we become more prosocial as we age, and if so,why? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(3), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721420910811
    McCloughan, P., Batt, W. H., Costine, M., & Scully, D. (2011). Participation in volunteering and unpaid work. Publications Office of the European Union. http://doi.org/10.2806/1399
    McKay, M. T., & Cole, J.C. (2021). Does deviation from a balanced time perspective meaningfully relate to alcohol use and symptoms of anxiety and depression? Comparing results using DBTP and DBTP-r. Curr Psycho. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01719-2
    McKay, M. T., Worrell, F. C., Zivkovic, U., Temple, E., Mello, Z. R., Musil, B., Cole, J. C., Andretta, J. R., & Perry, J. L. (2019). A balanced time perspective: Is it an exercise in empiricism, and does it relate meaningfully to health and well‐being outcomes? International Journal of Psychology, 54(6), 775–785. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12530
    Meier, S. & Stutzer, A. (2008). Is volunteering rewarding in itself? Economica, 75, 39–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2007.00597.x
    Mello, Z. R., Oladipo, S. E., Paoloni, V. C., & Worrell, F. C. (2019). Time Perspective and risky behaviors among Nigerian young adults. Journal of Adult Development, 3, 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-018-9304-2
    Mello, Z. R., & Worrell, F. C. (2015). The past, the present, and the future: A conceptual model of time perspective in adolescence. Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application: Essays in Honor of Philip G. Zimbardo, 2015, 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07368 -2_7
    Mendoza, A. N., Fruhauf, C. A., & MacPhee, D. (2020). Grandparent caregivers' resilience: Stress, support, and coping predict life satisfaction. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 91(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415019843459
    Mooney, A., Earl, J. K., Mooney, C. H., & Bateman, H. (2017). Using balanced time perspective to explain well-being and planning in retirement. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 1781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01781
    Murayama, K. (2018). The science of motivation. Psychological Science Agenda. http://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2018/06/motivation
    Muro, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Castellà, J., Deví, J., & Soler, J. (2017). Does time perspective predict life satisfaction? A study including mindfulness as a measure of time experience in a sample of Catalan tudents. Mindfulness, 8, 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0644-3
    Musick, M.A. & Wilson, J. (2008). Volunteers: A social profile. Indiana University Press.
    Nelson, S. K., Layous, K., Cole, S. W., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2016). Do unto others or treat yourself? The effects of prosocial and self-focused behavior on psychological flourishing. Emotion, 16(6), 850–861. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000178
    Pace, U., Zappulla, C. (2011). Problem behaviors in adolescence: The opposite role played by insecure attachment and commitment strength. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20, 854–862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9453-4
    Paciello, M., Ghezzi, V., Tramontano, C., Barbaranelli, C., & Fida, R. (2016). Self-efficacy configurations and well-being in the academic context: A person-centred approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 99, 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.083
    Padilla-Walker, L. M., Barry, C. M. N., Carroll, J. S., Madsen, S. D., & Nelson, L. J. (2008). Looking on the bright side: The role of identity status and gender on positive orientations during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 31(4), 451–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.09.001
    Phan, H. P. (2016). Longitudinal examination of optimism, personal self-efficacy and student well-being: A path analysis. Social Psychology of Education, 19(2), 403–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-015-9328-4
    Philippus, A., Ketchum, J. M., Payne, L., Hawley, L., & Harrison-Felix, C. (2020). Volunteering and its association with participation and life satisfaction following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 34(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2019.1679886
    Palgi, Y., & Shmotkin, D. (2010). The predicament of time near the end of life: Time perspective trajectories of life satisfaction among the old-old. Aging & Mental Health, 14, 577–586. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860903483086
    Papa, R., Cutuli, G., Principi, A., & Scherer, S. (2019). Health and volunteering in Europe: A longitudinal study. Research on Aging, 41(7), 670–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027519834939
    Pandey, R., Tiwari, G., Parihar, P., & Rai, P. K. (2020). The relationship between self-forgiveness and human flourishing: Inferring the underlying psychological mechanisms. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 51, 23–36. https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2020.132649
    Parisi, J. M., Kuo, J., Rebok, G. W., Xue, Q. L., Fried, L. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Huang, J., Seeman, T. E., Roth, D. L., Tanner, E. K., & Carlson, M. C. (2015). Increases in lifestyle activities as a result of experience Corps® participation. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 92(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-014-9918-z
    Pattusamy, M. (2016, May 25). Serial mediation analysis part 1 [Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/ne3wlCz-dyI
    Pattusamy, M. (2016, May 25). Serial mediation analysis part 2 [Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/CyM1j2BJHbE
    Payne, L., Hawley, L., Morey, C., Ketchum, J. M., Philippus, A., Sevigny, M., Harrison-Felix, C., & Diener, E. (2020). Improving well-being after traumatic brain injury through volunteering: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Injury, 34(6), 697–707. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2020.1752937
    Penner, L. A. (2002). Dispositional and organizational influences on sustained volunteerism: An interactionist perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 447–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00270
    Philippus, A., Ketchum, J. M., Payne, L., Hawley, L., & Harrison-Felix, C. (2020). Volunteering and its association with participation and life satisfaction following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 34(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2019.1679886
    Phillips, W. (2018). Past to future: self-compassion can change our vision. Journal of Positive Psychology and Well-being, 2, 168–190. https://journalppw.com/index.php/JPPW/article/view/63
    Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
    Przepiorka, A., Sobol-Kwapinska, M. (2021). People with positive time perspective are more grateful and happier: Gratitude mediates the relationship between time perspective and life satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00221-z
    Puspitasari, N. & Susanty, A., & Prakoso, M. (2019). Analysis of customer behavior factors on subscription-based music services. E3S Web of Conferences, 125. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912521003
    Rathi, N. & Lee, K. (2021). Does it pay to be authentic? Implications of authenticity for life satisfaction and psychological well-being in a collectivist culture. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 22, 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00223-x
    Robison, J., Pilgrim, A.L., Rood, G., Diaper, N., Elia, M., Jackson, A. A., Cooper, C., Sayer, A. A., Robinson, S., Roberts, H. C. (2015). Can trained volunteers make a difference at mealtimes for older peo ple in hospital? A qualitative study of the views and experience of nurses, patients, relatives and volunteers in the Southampton mealtime assistance study. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 10(2), 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12064
    Roberts, H. C., De Wet, S., Porter, K., Rood, G., Diaper, N., Robison, J., Pilgrim, A. L., Elia, M., Jackson, A. A., Cooper, C., Aihie Sayer, A., & Robinson, S. (2014). The feasibility and acceptability of training volunteer mealtime assistants to help older acute hospital inpatients: the Southampton mealtime assistance study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(21-22), 3240–3249. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12573
    Robinson, M. D., & Klein, R. J. (2018). What do subjective well-being judgments mean? Sources and distinctions, processes and mechanisms. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of Well-being. DEF Publishers. https://www.nobascholar.com/chapters/14
    Rönnlund, M. & Åström, E., & Carelli, M. (2017). Time perspective in late adulthood: Aging patterns in past, present and future dimensions, deviations from balance, and associations with subjective well-being. Timing & Time Perception, 5, 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002081
    Rönnlund, M., & Carelli, M. G. (2018). Time Perspective Biases Are Associated With Poor Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, and Lower Levels of Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 1356. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01356
    Russell, R. V. (1987). The importance of recreation satisfaction and activity participation to the life satisfaction of age-segregated retirees. Journal of Leisure Research, 19(4), 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1987.11969698
    Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
    Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
    Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0901_1
    Santini, Z. I., Meilstrup, C., Hinrichsen, C., Nielsen, L., Koyanagi, A., Krokstad, S., Keyes, C. L. M., & Koushede, V. (2019). Formal volunteer activity and psychological flourishing in Scandinavia: Findings from two cross-sectional rounds of the European social survey. Social Currents, 6(3), 255–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329496518815868
    Seema, R., & Sircova, A. (2013). Mindfulness—a time perspective? Estonian study. Baltic Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 4–21. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262790161
    Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Pieterse, M., Drossaert, C., Westerhof, G., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., Walburg, J., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2016). What factors are associated with flourishing? Results from a large representative national sample. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(4), 1351–1370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9647-3
    Schwartz, M. S., Sadler, P. M., Sonnert, G., & Tai, R. H. (2009). Depth versus breadth: How content coverage in high school science courses relates to later success in college science coursework. Science Education, 93(5), 798–826. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-228X.2009.01070.x
    Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being. Free Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-25554-000
    Seligman, M. E. P., Ernst, R. M., Gillham, J., Reivich, K., & Linkins, M. (2009). Positive education: positive psychology and classroom interventions, Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980902934563
    Seok, C. B., Ching, P. L., & Ismail, R. (2020). Exploring the role of Malaysian student’s intrapreneurial self-capital in the relationship between satisfaction with life, academic performance, and flourishing. Sustainability, 12(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020580
    Shi, Y., Joyce, C., Wall, R., Orpana, H., & Bancej, C. (2019). A life satisfaction approach to valuing the impact of health behaviours on subjective well-being. BMC Public Health, 19(1), Article 1547. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7896-5
    Shimada, H., Lee, S., Bae, S., & Hotta, R. (2020). A new life satisfaction scale predicts depressive symptoms in a national cohort of older Japanese adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, Article 625. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00625
    Simons, M., Peeters, S., Janssens, M., Lataster, J., & Jacobs, N. (2018). Does age make a difference? Age as moderator in the association between time perspective and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9806-1
    Sobol-Kwapinska, M., & Jankowski, T. (2016). Positive time: Balanced time perspective and positive orientation. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 17(4), 1511–1528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9656-2
    Söderhamn, U., Landmark, B., Aasgaard, L., Eide, H., & Söderhamn, O. (2012). Volunteering in dementia care - a Norwegian phenomenological study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 5, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S28240
    Son, J., & Wilson, J. (2012). Volunteer work and hedonic, eudemonic, and social well-being. Sociological Forum, 27, 658–681. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23262183
    Sonthalia, Y. (2020). Resilience, mindfulness and flourishing in middle aged adults. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(4), 374–377. https://iahrw.org/product/resilience-mindfulness-and-flourishing-in-middle-aged-adults
    Stebbins, R. (2015). Leisure and the Motive to Volunteer: Theories of Serious, Casual, and Project-Based Leisure. Palgrave Mcmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-58517-2
    Stolarski, M., Bitner, J., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2011). Time perspective, emotional intelligence and discounting of delayed awards. Time & Society, 20(3), 346–363. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X11414296
    Stolarski, M., Wiberg, B., & Osin, E. (2014). Assessing temporal harmony: The issue of a balanced time perspective. In M. Stolarski, N. Fieulaine, & W. van Beek, (Eds.), Time perspective theory: Review, research and application: Essays in honor of Philip G. Zimbardo (pp. 57–71). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07368-2_3
    Stolarski, M., Zajenkowski, M., Jankowski, K. S., & Szymaniak, K. (2020). Deviation from the balanced time perspective: A systematic review of empirical relationships with psychological variables. Personality and Individual Differences, 156, Article 109772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109772
    Stolarski, M., Waleriańczyk, W., & Pruszczak, D. (2019). Introducing temporal theory to the field of sport psychology: Towards a conceptual model of time perspectives in athletes’ functioning. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 2772. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02772
    Stukas, A. A. & Snyder, M. & Clary, E. G. (2016). Understanding and encouraging volunteerism and community involvement. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2016.1153328
    Stukas, A. A., Snyder, M. & Clary, E. G. (2014). Volunteerism and community involvement: Antecedents, experiences, and consequences for the person and the situation. In D. A. Schroeder & W. G. Graziano (Eds.), The Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of prosocial behavior (pp. 459–493). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399813.013.012
    Szczesniak, M., & Timoszyk-Tomczak, C. (2018). A time for being thankful: Balanced time perspective and gratitude. Studia Psychologica, 60(3), 150–166. https://doi.org/10.21909/sp.2018.03.759
    Trupp, M. (2017) Helping helps those who help: Well-being and volunteering status in college students, Journal of Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research, 9, Article 5. https://knowledge.e.southern.edu/jiur/vol9/iss1/5
    Vallerand, R. J. (2016). On the synergy between hedonia and eudaimonia: The role of passion. Handbook of Eudaimonic Well-being, 2016, 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_13
    van der Ploeg, E. S., Mbakile, T., Genovesi, S., & O’Connor, D. W. (2012). The potential of volunteers to implement non-pharmacological interventions to reduce agitation associated with dementia in nursing home residents. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(11), 1790–1797. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610212000798
    Van Vianen, A. E. M., Nijstad, B. A., & Voskuijl, O. F. (2008). A person-environment fit approach to volunteerism: Volunteer personality fit and culture fit as predictors of affective outcomes. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 30(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973530802209194
    VanderWeele, T. J., McNeely, E., & Koh, H. K. (2019). Reimagining health-Flourishing. Journal of the American Medical Association, 321, 1667–1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.3035
    Veerasamy, C., Sambasivan, M., & Kumar, N. (2015). Life satisfaction among healthcare volunteers in Malaysia: Role of personality factors, volunteering motives, and spiritual capital. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 26(2), 531–552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-014-9437-2
    Vowinckel, J. C., Westerhof, G. J., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Webster, J. D. (2017). Flourishing in the now: Initial validation of a present-eudaimonic time perspective scale. Time & Society, 26(2), 203–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X15577277
    Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Mcneely, E. & VanderWeele, T. (2019). Flourish index and secure flourish index–Validation in workplace settings. Cogent Psychology, 6, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2019.1598926
    Wheaton, B. (1987). Assessment of fit in over-identified models with latent variables. Sociological Methods and Research, 16, 118–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124187016001005
    Whillans, A. V., Seider, S., Chen, L., Dwyer, R., Novick, S., Gramigna, K. J., Mitchell, B. A., Savalei, V., Dickerson, S., & Dunn, E. W. (2016). Does volunteering improve well-being? Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 1(3), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2016.1273647
    Willroth, E. C., John, O. P., Biesanz, J. C., & Mauss, I. B. (2020). Understanding short-term variability in life satisfaction: The individual differences in evaluating life satisfaction (IDELS) model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(1), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000261
    Wilson, J. (2012). Volunteerism research: A review essay. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 41, 176–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764011434558
    Windsor, T. D., Anstey, K. J., & Rodgers, B. (2008). Volunteering and psychological well-being among young-old adults: how much is too much? The Gerontologist, 48(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/48.1.59
    Wittmann, M., Otten, S., Schötz, E., Sarikaya, A., Lehnen, H., Jo, H. G., Kohls, N., Schmidt, S., & Meissner, K. (2015). Subjective expansion of extended time-spans in experienced meditators. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 1586. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01586
    Wong, P. T. P. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology, 52(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022511
    Wu, W.-N., & Tsai, C.-C. (2018). What motivates citizens to volunteer in schools? determinants in the local context. Education and Urban Society, 50(9), 769–792. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124517714308
    Wu, H., Zhou, R., Zhao, L., Qiu, J., & Guo, C. (2019). Neural bases underlying the association between balanced time perspective and trait anxiety. Behavioural Brain Research, 359, 206–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.039
    Yoshioka, C. F., Brown, W. A., & Ashcraft, R. F. (2007). A functional approach to senior volunteer and non-volunteer motivations. The International Journal of Volunteer Administration, 24(5), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1.1.460.1375
    Younes, M.S., & Alzahrani, M. (2018). Could resilience and flourishing be mediators in the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction for Saudi college students? A psychometric and exploratory study. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 12, 708–723. https://doi.org/10.24200/JEPS.VOL12ISS4PP708-723
    Yun, Y. H., Rhee, Y. E., Sim, J.-A., & Kang, E. (2019.). The satisfaction with life scale and the subjective well-being inventory in the general Korean population: Psychometric properties and normative data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9), Article 1538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091538
    Zajenkowski, M., Stolarski, M., Witowska, J., Maciantowicz, O., & Łowicki, P. (2016). Fluid intelligence as a mediator of the relationship between executive control and balanced time perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 1844. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01844
    Zhang, J. W., & Howell, R. T. (2011). Do time perspectives predict unique variance in life satisfaction beyond personality traits? Personality and Individual Differences, 50(8), 1261–1266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.02.021
    Zhang, J., Zhao, S., Lester, D., & Zhou, C. (2014). Life satisfaction and its correlates among college students in China: A test of social reference theory. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 10, 17–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2013.06.014
    Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Stolarski, M. (2013). Comparing three methods to measure a balanced time perspective: The relationship between a balanced time perspective and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(1), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9322-x
    Zientara, P., Zamojska, A., & Nikodemska-Wolowik, A. (2019). CSR, Age managementand altruism: The role of future time perspective and personal altruistic convictions. Entrepreneurship and Management, 19, 439–454. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331374255
    Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271–1288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1271

    下載圖示
    QR CODE