發光材料大部分是藉由內部原子占據主體晶格之位置導致能量放射進而產生光，故螢光粉於材料的選擇上非常重要，而鋁酸鑭(LaAlO3)為一較新穎之材料，其具有良好的化學穩定性、機械耐久性及光學活性等特性，在近幾年來成為了發光材料研究重點之一。
本實驗製備樣品粉末之方法為溶膠-凝膠法，以三嵌段兩性共聚物F-127做為螯合劑，再分別以硝酸鋁、硝酸鑭及硝酸鈰做為LaAlO3及摻雜元素Ce離子、Eu離子之前驅物，經製程溫度850℃、900℃煆燒後獲得LaAlO3樣品粉末，最後經由X-Ray繞射分析(XRD)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)、穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)和發光性質量測(PL)等材料分析來探討其結構及性質。
由XRD分析結果得知利用溶膠-凝膠法於900℃煆燒之效果較佳，未摻雜之LaAlO3晶粒大小約為30.24 nm，屬於三方晶系中之菱面體。且摻雜濃度過多時，其晶粒卻稍微大於純LaAlO3樣本，推測其原因為此濃度之稀土離子的摻雜量太多以其他的形式存在於晶格外，因此主體晶體之晶粒成長沒受到抑制。由CIE分析結果得知LaAlO3摻雜Ce皆在藍色區域發光；LaAlO3摻雜Eu皆在紅色區域發光。

Most of the luminescent materials are caused by the internal atoms occupying the position of the host lattice to cause energy emission to generate light. Therefore, the selection of phosphors is very important. LaAlO3 is a relatively new material. Good chemical stability, mechanical durability, optical activity and other characteristics have become one of the research focus of light-emitting materials in recent years.
LaAlO3, Ce-doped LaAlO3 and Eu-doped LaAlO3 were prepared by sol-gol process with a triblock copolymer F-127 as a chelating agent, and aluminum nitrate, lanthanum nitrate, cerium nitrate and europium nitrate as precursors. The as-synthesized products then calcined at 850℃ and 900℃. X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) were used to characterize the microstructure and properties of the samples.
According to the XRD analysis results, it is known that the sol-gel method is better at 900℃, and the undoped LaAlO3 grain size is about 30.24 nm, which belongs to the rhombohedron in the trigonal system. When the addition of dopant was too much, the crystal grains was exist in other form outside the crystal lattice, so the grain growth of the main crystal is not suppressed. From the CIE analysis results, it is know that Ce-doped LaAlO3 emits light in the blue region and Eu-doped LaAlO3 emits light in the red region.

[1] 楊素華，2002，「螢光粉在發光上的應用」，科技大觀園，第358期，第66-71頁。
[2] MoneyDJ，「LED螢光粉(Phosphor)」，MoneyDJ理財網財經知識庫，取自於：https://www.moneydj.com/，造訪日期：2018年2月24日。
[3] 江建志，2009，鈰活化石榴石系列螢光粉體結構與特性，博士論文，國立成功大學，材料科學及工程學系，台南。
[4] 部落格，2008，「LED基礎知識-白光LED」，三把火的世界，取自於：http://3fire.blogspot.tw/，造訪日期：2018年2月24日。
[5] 劉如熹，林群哲，2008，「高演色性白光LED螢光粉材料近況發展」，材料世界網，第258期。
[6] 王書任，2009，「發光二極體：讓LED發光的功臣–螢光粉」，科技發展，第435期，第22-27頁。
[7] 方牧懷，劉如熹，2014，「藍光LED掀起照明的新頁」，科學8月號科學月刊，第540期，第37頁。
[8] 林皇佐，2012，Ca2-ySryLa1-xPrxTaO6(x=0~0.1,y=0~0.2)系之光致發光特性研究，碩士論文，國立虎尾科技大學，電子工程研究所，雲林。
[9] 李景剛，姜妍彥，周靖，2005，「新型鈣鈦礦及尖晶石光催化材料研究進展」，陶瓷與搪瓷，第33卷，第1期。
[10] D. Dalacu, A. H. Kitai, B. W. Sanders, and R. Huang, 1992,“Thin film MgAl2O4:Mn spinel phosphor”, Thin Solid Films, Vol. 209, pp. 207-210.
[11] J. Kaur, D. Singh, V. Dubey, N. S. Suryanarayana, Y. Parganiha and P. Jha, 2014,“Review of the synthesis, characterization, and properties of LaAlO3 phosphors”, Chemical Intermediates, Vol. 40, pp. 2737-2771.
[12] R. Cao, D. Ceng, P. Liu, X. Yu, S. Guo, and G. Zheng, 2016,“Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of LaAlO3:Mn4+, Na+ deep red-emitting phosphor”, Applied Physics A, Vol. 122, No. 4.
[13] 李映萱，2004，微米級鍺酸鹽與奈米級鎵酸鹽螢光體製備與發光特性之研究，碩士論文，國立交通大學，應用化學系。
[14] 鄒文正，螢光粉的光學特性，簡報文章，南台科技大學，光電工程系，台南。
[15] 林暉然，2006，鍺酸鹽YxInGe2O7: R1-x(R=Eu, Tb, Tm)之螢光特性研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學，材料及工程學系，台南。
[16] 蔡宗賢，洪連輝，2011，「半導體(Semiconductor)」，科學Online。
[17] D. Henry, 2016, “Cathodoluminescence Theory”, Geochemical Instrumentation and Analysis.
[18] 劉如熹，王建源，白光發光二極體製作技術21世紀人類的新曙光，全華科技，台北，2-4頁。
[19] 劉如熹，許育賓，徐大正，丁逸聖，白光發光二極體製作技術-由晶粒金屬化至封裝，全華圖書，台北，4-2 -4-10頁。
[20] 劉杰旻，2009，利用固相合成法合成La1-xPrxTiNbO6及光性質之研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學，材料與工程學系，台南。
[21] SE, 2018, “Phosphors Turn Blue LED Lights White”, SemiconductorEngineering, Available at: https://semiengineering.com/phosphors-turn-blue-led-lights-white.
[22] 陳大中，2005，ZnS：Tb螢光體添加助熔劑發光性質之研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學，材料及資源工程系，台北。
[23] W. Yen, S. Shionoya and H. Yamamoto, 2006, “Fundamentals of phosphors”, Talor and Francis Group.
[24] G. Blasse, and B. C. Grabmaier, 1994, “Luminescent materials”, Springer Verlag, pp. 13, Berlin Heidelberg.
[25] ED, 2013, “Understanding LED Application Theory And Practice”, ElectronicDesign, Available at:www.electronicdesign.com, Accessed March 2018.
[26] 方成瑋，葉名倉，2009，「過渡金屬的電子躍遷選擇律」，科學Online。
[27] 李承翰，2013，新穎Ce3+與Eu2+稀土離子激活鈧矽酸鹽螢光體之製備發光特性鑑定與應用，碩士論文，國立交通大學，應用化學系。
[28] C. S. Seth, W. K. Woo, J. S. Steckel, M. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, 2003, “Tuning the performance of hybrid organic/inorganic quantum dot light-emitting devices”, Organic Electronics, Vol. 4, pp. 123-130.
[29] CL, 2017, “Decter Energy Transfer”, Chemistry LibreTxets, Available at: https://chem.libretexts.org.
[30] D. R. Vij, 1998, “Luminescence of Solids”, Plenum Press, New York.
[31] 陳立德，2006，鹼土鋁酸鹽MxSr1-xAl2O4: Eu2+(M: Ca, Ba)螢光粉體之發光、色度特性及應用研究，博士論文，國立成功大學，材料科學及工程學系，台南。
[32] Lumen, 2018, “The Shielding Effect and Effective Nuclear Charge Lumen Learning”, Available at: https://courses.lumenlearning.com.
[33] 林盈至，2004，奈米級硫氧化釓螢光體水熱法合成與發光特性之研究，碩士論文，國立交通大學，應用化學系。
[34] J. A. DeLuca, 1980, “An Introduction to Luminescence in Inorganic Solids”, Journal of ChemicalEducation, Vol. 57, pp. 541-545.
[35] 鄭子樵、李紅英，2006，稀土功能材料，曉園出版社，第174頁。
[36] G. Blasse, 1979, “Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths”, Elsevier, Vol. 4, pp. 237-274.
[37] S. Ran, and L. Gao, 2008, “Synthesis of LaAlO3 powder using triethanolamine”, Ceramic International, Vol. 34, pp. 443-446.
[38] A. Dhahri, K. Horchani-Naifer, A. Benedetti, F. Enrichi and M. Ferid, 2012, “Combustion synthesis and photoluminescence of Eu3+ doped LaAlO3 nanophosphors”, Optical Materials, pp. 1742-1746.
[39] P. J. Deren, and J.C. Krupa, 2003, “Spectroscopic investigations of LaAlO3:Eu3+”, Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 102-103, pp. 386-390.
[40] W. A. I. Tabaza, H. C. Swart and R. E. Kroon, 2014,“Luminescence of Ce doped MgAl2O4 prepared by the combustion method”, Physical B: Condensed Matter, Vol.439, pp. 109-114.
[41] Q. Lu, Q. Yang, Y. Wang, Q. Duan, Y. Yuan and J. Chen, 2015, “Fabrication and luminescent properties of Ce:LaAlO3 translucent ceramics”, Optical Materials, Vol.42, pp. 35-38.
[42] K. Ahmed, K. Dahane, N. Khaidukov, N. Alves and L. Ferai, 2016, “Study of the thermoluminescence mechanisms in LaAlO3: Ce, Dy crystals”, International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Vol. 127, N. 15, pp. 6009-6014.
[43] 石紀英，2018年，「銪的化學性質」，科普中國科技百科，第50期，第1頁。
[44] T. Manohar, S.C. Prashantha, H. Nagabhushana, S.C. Sharma, H.P. Nagaswarupa, K.S. Anantharaju, C. Pratapkumar, H.B. Premkumar, 2015, “Luminescent properties of Tb doped gadolinium aluminate nanophosphors for display and forensic applications”, Optical Materials Express, Vol. 122, pp. 22-30.
[45] L. Zhou, H. Jiao, D. He, 2011, “Search for new phosphors in Eu2+ doped MgAl2O4–SrAl2O4–BaAl2O4 ternary system by combinatorial approach”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 127, pp. 227-331.
[46] 張晨乾，張小會，蔣明學，2007，「火焰噴霧熱解法製備納米晶鎂鋁尖晶石粉」，耐火材料，第41期，369-372頁。
[47] R. Ianos, and R. Lazau, 2009, “Combustion synthesis, characterization and sintering behavior of magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O3) powders”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 115, pp. 645-648.
[48] A. K. Adak, and P. Pramanik, 1997, “Synthesis and characterization of lanthanum powder at relatively low temperature”, Materials Letters, Vol. 30, pp. 269-273.
[49] P. J. Deren, K. Lemanski, A. Gagor, A. Watras, M. Malecka and M. Zawadzki, 2010, “Symmetry of LaAlO3 nanocrestals as a function of crystallite size”, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 183, pp. 2095-2100.
[50] Y. Xu, G. Huang and H. Long, 2003, “Synthesis of lanthanum aluminate via the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gel route”, Ceramics International, Vol. 29, pp. 837-840.
[51] P. J. Deren and K. Lemanski, 2011, “On tuning the spectroscopic properties of LaAlO3:Pr3+ nanocrystallites”, Journal of Luminescence, Vol.131, No. 3, pp. 445-448.
[52] 劉敏，溶膠-凝膠合成法，簡報文章，合肥微尺度物質科學國家實驗室，材料科學與工程系。
[53] PSDN， 2018，「研發手札：溶膠凝膠(sol-gel)」，塑膠e學苑，取自於：http://psdn.pidc.org.tw/，造訪日期：2018年4月20日。
[54] RG, 2018, “Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances”, Research Gate, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net, Accessed 17 May 2018.
[55] Y. Y. Li, L. Li, H. Q. Dong, X. J. Cai and T. B. Ren, 2013, “Pluronic F127 nanomicelles engineered with nuclear localized functionality for targeted drug delivery”, Materials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 2698-2707.
[56] F. Liu, S. Fu, L. Lin, Y. Cao, X. Xie, H. Yu, M. Chen and H. Li, 2016, “Redox-sensitive Pluronic F127-tocopherol micelles: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation”, Doveprss, Vol. 12, pp. 2634-2644.
[57] J. Chandradass and K. H. Kim, 2009, “Mixture of fuels approach for the solution combustion synthesis of LaAlO3 nanopowders”, Advanced Powder Technology, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 100-105.
[58] Canon, 2002, “The method of preparation for LaAlO3 ceramic”, Japan Patent, No. 2002-187767.
[59] N. Alves, W. B. Ferraz and L. O. Faria, 2014, “Synthesis and investigation of the luminescent properties of carbon doped lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) for application in radiation dosimetry”, Radiation Measurements, Vol.71, pp. 90-94.
[60] T. Manohar, R. Naik, S. C. Prashantha, H. Naganhushana, S. C. Sharma, H. P. Nagaswarupa, C. Pratapkumar and H. B. Premkomar, 2015, “Photoluminescence and Judd–Ofelt analysis of Eu3+ doped LaAlO3 nanophosphors for WLEDs”, Dyes and Pigments, Vol. 122, pp. 22-30.
[61] C. A. Silva and P. V. Miranda, 2015, “Synthesis of LaAlO3 based materials for potential use as methane-fueled solid oxide fuel cell anodes”, Hydrogen Energy, Vol.40, No. 32, pp. 10002-10015.
[62] Baidu，2018，「紫外可見吸收光譜」，百度，取自於：https://baike.baidu.com，造訪日期：2018年7月12號。
[63] X. Zeng, L. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. Xu, Y. Hang, H. Pang, M. Jie, C. Yan and X. He, 2004,“Crystal growth and optical properties of LaAlO3 and Ce-doped LaAlO3 single crystals”, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 271, No. 1-2, pp. 319-324.
[64] D. Ghosh, P. Karakar, S. Balaji, A. D. Sontakke and K. Annapurna, 2014, “Variance of energy transfer dynamics in Ce3+ sensitized Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped alkali free Ba–Al metaphosphate glass: role of the host matrix”, Phys. Chem. Glasses: Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. B, Vol. 55, pp. 196-206.
[65] 曾雄輝，趙廣軍，杭寅，張連翰，王靜雅，徐軍，2004，「純LaAlO3和Ce3+：LaAlO3單晶的吸收譜和透過譜研究」，人工晶體學報，第33卷，第3期。
[66] X. Dong, X. Cui, Z. Fu, S. Zhou, S. Zhang and Z. Dai, 2012, “Study on preparation and luminescent properties of Eu3+-doped LaAlO3and GdAlO3”, Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 47, pp. 212-216.
[67] J. Pejchal, J. Barta, T. Trojek, R. Kucerkova, A. Beitlerova and M. Nikl, 2019, “Luminescence and scintillation properties of rare-earth-doped LaAlO3 singlecrystals”, Radiation Measurements, Vol. 121, pp. 26-31.