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研究生: 顏茲羽
Yen, Tzu-Yu
論文名稱: 建立小型蝦機械化分離技術及其應用
Establishment of Small Shrimp Mechanical Separation Technique and its Application
指導教授: 楊季清
Yang, Chi-Ching
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 農學院 - 食品科學系所
Department of Food Science
畢業學年度: 106
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 86
中文關鍵詞: 小型蝦振動分離包冰
外文關鍵詞: Small shrimp, vibration, separation, glazing
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6346/THE.NPUST.FS.003.2018.E11
相關次數: 點閱:100下載:3
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  • 櫻花蝦是屏東東港地區之特產,也是僅存於全球少數海域之稀有水產資源,因此被喻為國寶級特有食品。小型蝦目前的加工方式多以人工方式分離目,且因長時間的分選,易造成人體疲累而使分級品質降低,因此研發一種新型加工技術,構想以振動過篩及振動風吹的方式達到蝦隻分離的小型水產食品冷凍加工程序。結果顯示櫻花蝦振動篩網模組最佳結構可分為三層,第一層為間距1.5×10公分長條形的孔洞,第二層為間距2.5×2.5公分正方形的孔洞,第三層為間距1×1公分的正方形孔洞,最佳條件為振動頻率60 Hz,並且搭配風速20 m/s,其單體分離率為93%,配合0.15%的膠體包冰程序,冷凍儲藏在-40℃,儲藏時間可達120天以上,並且色澤亮度值及紅色度a值不易改變。儲藏120天後,水產指標性分析參數:揮發性鹽基態氮值為16.8 mg/100 g、硫巴比妥酸值為0.71 mg MDA/kg以及總生菌數為4.32×103 CFU/g,都可以控制在法律規範標準之內,且相較於無包冰程序的蝦肉質地硬度及彈性皆較為良好,也有較佳的保水性及較少的滴液流失。本研究所開發的振動分離及膠體包冰的加工程序,可有效改良舊式製程的缺陷,改善了蝦體分離效率、蝦體儲藏品質在加工及使用性上更佳便利,並可衍生應用至其他小型水產加工食品。

    Sakura Shrimp is a special product of Pingtung's Donggang area, and it is also a rare aquatic resource that have in only a few sea areas around the world. The current processing methods of small shrimp are mostly separated by manual methods. Long time sorting, will easy to cause human body tiredness and making the separation quality worse. This reseach is try to develop a novel separation technology by vibration and wind blowing processing to achieve the purpose of shrimp separating. This result shows that the best structure of vibration screen module has three layers, the hole spacing of first screen layer is a 1.5 × 10 cm long strip hole, the second layer is a 2.5 × 2.5 cm square hole, and the third layer is a 1 × 1 cm square hole. The shrimp separating efficiency can reach 93% when the optimum operating conditions of vibration frequency and wind speed are 60 Hz and 20 m/s respectively. Combined with 0.15% colloidal ice pack and frozen storage at -40°C, shrimp can be stored for over 120 days, and color brightness value and redness “a” value are not easily changed. After 120 days of storage, the volatile-based ground-state nitrogen value was 16.8 mg/100 g, the thiobarbituric acid value was 0.71 mgMDA/kg, and the total bacterial count was 4.32×103 CFU/g. All of these indicators were in compliance with the specifications. Compared with the ice-free procedure, shrimp meat has better texture, better elasticity, better water holding capacity and less drip loss. The vibration separation technology and colloidal ice pack processing procedures were developed in this study. These novel procedures compared with the old procedure can improve the shrimp separation efficiency, shrimp storage quaility and the ease of use of shrimp. These procedures also can be applied on the other aquaculture processed foods.

    中文摘要 I
    ABSTRACT II
    謝誌 IV
    目錄 V
    圖目錄 VIII
    表目錄 IX
    1. 研究動機 1
    2. 文獻回顧 3
    2.1 小型蝦 3
    2.1.1 櫻花蝦 3
    2.1.1.1 生態介紹 3
    2.1.1.2 漁業發展 4
    2.1.1.3 加工與利用 7
    2.1.1.4 營養成分及價值 9
    2.1.2 赤尾青 11
    2.1.2.1 生態介紹 11
    2.1.2.2 加工利用及營養成分價值 14
    2.2 包冰之目的 16
    2.2.1 減少造成冷凍脫水 16
    2.2.2 避免凍燒 16
    2.2.3 降低油脂氧化 17
    2.3 膠體應用 17
    2.3.1 羧甲基纖維素 17
    2.3.2 海藻酸鈉 17
    2.3.3 聚丙烯酸鈉 18
    2.4 冷凍水產品質變化 21
    2.4.1 物理變化 21
    2.4.1.1 質量損失 21
    2.4.1.2 保水力 21
    2.4.1.3 滴液流失 22
    2.4.2 生化變化 22
    2.4.2.1 揮發性鹽基態氮 22
    2.4.2.2 脂肪氧化 22
    2.4 設備探討-振動風吹式分離 23
    2.5 質地剖面分析 23
    3. 材料與方法 26
    3.1 本實驗之研究架構圖 26
    3.2 實驗材料 28
    3.2.1 原料 28
    3.2.2 實驗試藥 28
    3.2.3 實驗儀器 28
    3.3 設備開發之方法及分析 29
    3.3.1 膠體微包覆加工參數測試 29
    3.3.2 蝦隻振動力分離模組測試 29
    3.3.3 品質分析研究 30
    3.3.3.1 色澤測定 (L*a*b*) 30
    3.3.3.2 揮發性鹽基態氮測定 (VBN) 30
    3.3.3.3 硫巴比妥酸值測定 (TBA) 31
    3.3.3.4 總生菌數分析 (Total plate count) 31
    3.3.3.5 質地分析 (Textural properties) 32
    3.3.3.6 滴液流失測定 (Drip loss) 32
    3.3.3.7 保水力 (Water holding capacity) 32
    3.4加工產品製作、鈣營養價值、價格及儲藏試驗 33
    3.4.1 產品之製作方法及配方 33
    3.4.2 水活性測定 (Water activity, Aw) 36
    3.4.3 質地分析測定 36
    3.4.4 色澤測定 (L*a*b*) 36
    3.4.5 硫巴比妥酸值測定 (TBA) 36
    3.4.6 總生菌數分析 (Total plate count) 37
    3.4.7 儲存性試驗 (Storage test) 37
    3.4.8 感官品評 37
    3.4.9 統計分析 37
    4. 結果與討論 39
    4.1 膠體微包覆 39
    4.2 振動分離 39
    4.2大型量產設備 40
    4.3 品質分析 50
    4.3.1 色澤分析 50
    4.3.2 揮發性鹽基態氮 50
    4.3.3 硫巴比妥酸值 51
    4.3.4 總生菌數 51
    4.3.5 質地分析 52
    4.3.6 滴液流失及保水力 52
    4.3.7 傳統整塊式包冰與單體分離對蝦的VBN值及使用效率影響程度 53
    4.4 加工產品 61
    4.4.1 色澤之測定 61
    4.4.2 質地特性 61
    4.4.3 儲藏時間對蝦餅乾之水活性變化 61
    4.4.4 儲藏時間對蝦餅乾之質地變化 62
    4.4.5 儲藏時間對蝦餅乾之色澤變化 62
    4.4.6 儲藏時間對蝦餅乾之TBA值變化 63
    4.4.7 儲藏性蝦餅乾之微生物分析 63
    4.4.8 蝦餅乾之感官品評 63
    4.4.9 蝦餅乾之營養成分及成本價格比較 64
    5. 結論 77
    6. 參考文獻 78
    作者簡介 86

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