107年軍公教年改之後，在公部門久任已成為工作常態，如何在同質性高的工作屬性中，藉工作重塑的手段來創造全新且持續的工作熱情及工作滿意度，是現今人事行政總處所提倡的員工協助方案中重要的一環。本研究援引工作塑造的概念，進行「工作熱情」與「工作滿意度」兩者之間實證關係之研究，探討公務人員「工作熱情」、「工作滿意度」及「工作重塑」之現況，了解各變相間之關係，並驗證公務人員「工作重塑」之中介效果。並以結構方程模型（Structural Equation Model，簡稱SEM）進行模式驗證，分析結果顯示：不論是諧和式熱情抑或是強迫式熱情，都能有效達成工作重塑；工作滿意度受諧和式熱情及工作重塑策略影響，並與強迫式熱情無關；諧和式熱情透過工作重塑策略影響公務人員的工作滿意度。此外，本研究結果提出若干管理意涵，期能提供公部門管理者在人力管理上的參考，並提出後續可朝向的研究方向之建議。

After the pension reform in 2019, long-term employment in the public sector is turned to be a normal status, therefore how to create the passion for work and job satisfaction by means of job crafting is important. That is one part of Employee Assistance Program (EAP), the authority, Personnel Administration Office also mentions.
This study referred to exploring the relationships among passion for work, job satisfaction and job crafting in civil servants, and discussing the mediating effect of job crafting. Moreover, this study applies Structural Equation Model (SEM) for the purpose of model verification and shows that both harmonious passion and obsessive passion could positively affect job crafting. The job satisfaction is influenced positively by the harmonious passion and job crafting. Furthermore, the work of passion affects the job satisfaction through job crafting.
In addition, the results of this study propose some implications in administration, expected to provide a reference for the human resources management in the public sector, then also address the direction and suggestions for the further research.

中文部分
王鶯蘭（2016）。就業服務人員的工作熱情、工作滿意與工作績效關係之研究。國立高雄應用科技大學人力資源發展研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
吳昭怡（2009）。從工作塑造看工作創新-以臺灣大車隊為例。國立政治大學商管專業學院碩士學位學程研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
吳清基（1979）。國民中學組織結構與教師工作滿意之關係。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
吳斯茜、陳薇棆（2014）。工作塑造初探—用心理論之改變類別實驗研究。警察行政管理學報，10，127-140。
宋婉甄（2016）。情緒勞務與服務導向公民行為之研究－以工作熱情為中介變項。中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
李烱煌、季力康、彭涵妮（2007）。熱情量表之建構效度。體育學報，40（3），77-87。
周嘉彥、莊惠君（2015）。國中音樂教師人格特質、角色壓力與工作滿意度之研究。藝術教育研究，29，1-42。
林文玲（2017）。領隊人員工作熱情、正負向情感與工作倦怠之關係：派團方式差異之比較。國立臺中教育大學永續觀光暨遊憩管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺中市。
林亭君（2017）。人格韌性與工作熱情對創新行為之影響－以職場新鮮人為例。國立高雄應用科技大學人力資源發展研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
林裕傑（2017）。國軍軍官人格特質、工作特性對工作滿意度與工作績效之研究—以陸軍後勤指揮部為例。世新大學資訊管理學研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
邱皓政（2006）。量化研究與統計分析。臺北市：五南。
徐聯恩、林玉涵（2015）。不同創意風格幼兒園教師工作塑造之研究，臺灣教師專業發展學會學刊，3，35-62。
高佳琳（2016）。領隊人員工作倦怠與工作滿意度之關係：兼論工作熱情之調節效果。國立臺中教育大學永續觀光暨遊憩管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺中市。
許士軍（1977）。工作滿足、個人特徵與組織氣候：文獻探討與實證研究。國立政治大學學報，35，13-56。
陳秀桂（2017）。內部服務品質對工作績效之影響-以C銀行員工工作熱情為調節變項。淡江大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，新北市。
陳淑娟（2017）。學校志工工作熱情相關影響因素之研究－以中小學為例。人文社會科學研究：教育類，11（3），17-39。
陳儀玲、駱佩君、駱香妃（2018）。廚師職場友誼、工作雕琢與廚藝創新職能關係之研究。輔仁民生學誌，24(1)，25-41。
陳寬裕、王正華（2011）。論文統計分析實務：SPSS與AMOS的運用。臺北市：五南。
黃芳銘（2006）。結構方程式理論與應用。臺北市：五南。
溫金豐、張菡琤、黃心怡（2016）。研發人員工作熱情之實證。商略學報，8（1），41-54。
蔡政憲（2017）。領隊工作雕琢：量表發展。國立嘉義大學行銷與觀光管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，嘉義市。
 
英文部分
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Bakker, A.B., Tims, M.,& Derks, D.(2012). Proactive personality and job performance: the role of job crafting and work engagement. Human. Relations, 65 (10), 1359–1378.
Batova, T. (2018). Work Motivation in the Rhetoric of Component Content Management. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 32(3), 308–346.
Bentler, P. M., & Wu, E. J. C. (1993). EQS/Windows user’s guide. LA: BMDP Statistical Software.
Berg, J. M., Grant, A. M., & Johnson, V. (2010). When Callings Are Calling: Crafting Work and Leisure in Pursuit of Unanswered Occupational Callings. Organization Science, 21(5), 973-994.
Bogler, R. (2001). The influence of leadership style on teacher job satisfaction. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37(5), 662-683.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
Browne, M. W. (1984). Asymptotically distribution-free methods for the analysis of covariance structures. Journal of Mathematics and Statistical Psychology, 37, 62-83.
Chen, K.-Y., Chang, C.-W., & Wang, C.-H. (2018). Frontline employees’ passion and emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of emotional labor strategies. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 163-172.
Chen, P., Ellsworth, P. C., & Schwarz, N. (2015). Finding a fit or developing it: Implicit theories about achieving passion for work. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(10), 1411-1424.
Cheng, J.-C., Chen, C.-Y., Teng, H.-Y., & Yen, C.-H. (2016). Tour leaders’ job crafting and job outcomes: The moderating role of perceived organizational support. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 19-29.
Curran, T., Hill, A.P., Appleton, P.R., Vallerand, R.J., & Standage, M. (2015). The psychology of passion: A meta-analytical review on a decade of research on intrapersonal outcomes. Motivation and Emotion, 39(5), 631–655.
de Beer, L. T., Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Job crafting and its impact on work engagement and job satisfaction in mining and manufacturing. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 19, 400-412.
Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
Dinham, S., & Scott, C. (2000, April). Teachers’ work and the growing influence of societal expectations and pressures. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.
Fuller, A., & Unwin, L. (2017). Job Crafting and Identity in Low-Grade Work: How Hospital Porters Redefine the Value of their Work and Expertise. Vocations and Learning, 10(3), 307-324.
Ghitulescu, B. E. (2007). Shaping tasks and relationships at work: Examining the antecedents and consequences of employee job crafting. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
Gong, Y., Huang, J.-C., & Farh, J.-L. (2009). Employee Learning Orientation, Transformational Leadership, and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Employee Creative Self-Efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 765-778.
Grant-Vallone, E. J. & Ensher, E. A. (2017). Re-crafting careers for mid-career faculty: A qualitative study. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 17(5),10-24.
Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. M. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 64-86.
Gubman, E.(2004).From engagement to passion for work: The search for the missing person. Human Resource Planning,27(3), 42-46.
Hackman, J.R. & Oldman,G.R.(1975). Development the Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology,60(2), 159-170.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings. NY: Macmillan.
Halonen, S. M. & Lomas, T. (2014). A passionate way of being: A qualitative study revealing the passion spiral. International Journal of Psychological Research, 7(2), 17-28.
Hobfoll, S.E., (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. The American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
Ironson, G. H., Smith, P. C., Brannick, M. T., Gibson, W. T. & Paul, K. B. (1989). Constitution of a job in general scale: a comparison of global, composite, and specific measures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(2), 193-200.
Janssen, M., Wallenburg, I., & de Bont, A. (2016). Carving Out a Place for New Health Care Occupations: An Ethnographic Study into Job Crafting. In H. Albach, H. Meffert, A. Pinkwart, R. Reichwald, & W. von Eiff (Eds.), Boundaryless Hospital: Rethink and Redefine Health Care Management (pp. 119-141). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Kim, H., Im, J., & Qu, H. (2018). Exploring antecedents and consequences of job crafting. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 75, 18-26.
Klassen, R. M. & Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effects on teachers’ self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3),741-756.
Kossek, E. E., Piszczek, M. M., McAlpine, K. L., Hammer, L. B., & Burke, L. (2016). Filling the Holes: Work Schedulers As Job Crafters of Employment Practice in Long-Term Health Care. ILR Review, 69(4), 961–990.
Lazazzara, A., Tims, M., & de Gennaro, D. (in press). The process of reinventing a job: A meta–synthesis of qualitative job crafting research. Journal of Vocational Behavior.
Leana, C., Appelbaum, E., & Shevchuk, I. (2009). Work process and quality of care in early childhood education: the role of job crafting. Academy of Mamagement Journal. 52(6), 1169–1192
Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, 1297-1343.
Luth, M. T., Flinchbaugh, C. L., & Ross, J. (2017). On the bike and in the cubicle: The role of passion and regulatory focus in cycling and work satisfaction. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 37-45.
Mardia, K. V., & Foster, K. (1983). Omnibus tests of multinormality based on skewness and kurtosis. Communication in Statistics, 12, 207-222.
Moè, A. (2016). Harmonious passion and its relationship with teacher well-being. Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 431-437.
Nielsen K. & Abildgaard J. S. (2012). The development and validation of a job crafting measure for use with blue-collar workers. Work Stress, 26(4), 365-384.
Nielsen, K., Antino, M., Sanz-Vergel, A. & Rodríguez-Muñoz, A. (2017). Validating the Job Crafting Questionnaire (JCRQ): A multi-method and multi-sample study. Work Stress, 31(1), 82-99.
Noor, N. M. (2002). Work-family conflict locus of control and women’s well-being: Tests of alternative pathways. The Journal of social Psychology, 142(5), 645-662.
Ogbuanya, T. C., & Chukwuedo, S. O. (2017). Job crafting-satisfaction relationship in electrical/electronic technology education programme: Do work engagement and commitment matter? Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 33(3), 165-173.
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W. B. & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120–1141
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141.
Robbins, S. P. (1996). Organization behavior: Concepts, controversies, and applications (7th ed.).Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
Rousseau, F. L. & Vallerand, R. J. (2008). An examination of the relationship between passion and subjective well-being in older adults. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 66(3), 195-212.
Singh, V. L., & Singh, M. (2016). Techniques of job crafting: An exploratory study on management consultants. South Asian Journal of Management, 23(2), 25-50.
Smith, P. C., Kendell, L. M. & Hulin, C. L. (1969). Measurement of satisfication In work and retirement. Chicago: Rand Mcnally.
Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693-713.
Swanson, S., & Kent, A. (2017). Passion and pride in professional sports: Investigating the role of workplace emotion. Sport Management Review, 20, (4), 352-364.
Tahir, S. & Sajid, S. (2014). Job satisfaction among college teachers: A comparative analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(1), 33-50.
Teng, H.-Y. (2019). Job crafting and customer service behaviors in the hospitality industry: Mediating effect of job passion. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 34-42.
Trépanier, S.-G., Fernet, C., Austin, S., Forest, J., & Vallerand, R. J. (2014). Linking job demands and resources to burnout and work engagement: Does passion underlie these differential relationships? Motivation and Emotion, 38(3), 353-366.
Vallerand, R. J. (2012). The role of passion in sustainable psychological well-being. Psychology of Well- Being: Theory, Research and Practice, 2, 1-21.
Vallerand, R. J. (2013). Passion and optimal functioning in society: A eudaimonic perspective. The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonia. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Vallerand, R. J., & Houlfort, N. (2003). Passion at work: Toward a new conceptualization. In S. W. Gilliland, D. D. Steiner, & D. P. Skarlicki (Eds.), Emerging perspectives on values in organizations (pp.175-204). Greenwich: Information Age Publishing.
Vallerand, R.J., Blanchard, C., Mageau, G.A., Koestner, R., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M., &Marsolais, J. (2003). Les passions de l'ame: on obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social sychology, 85(4), 756–767.
van Wingerden, J., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2017). The longitudinal impact of a job crafting intervention. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(1), 107-119.
Van Wingerden, J., Derks, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). The Impact of Personal Resources and Job Crafting Interventions on Work Engagement and Performance. Human Resource Management, 56(1), 51-67.
Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and motivation. Oxford, England: Wiley.
Vuori, T., San, E., & Kira, M. (2012). Meaningfulness‐making at work. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 7(2), 231-248.
Weiss, D. J.,Dawis, R. V.,England, G. W. &Lofquist, L. H.(1967).Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation: xxii manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire.Minneapolis, MN:Work Adjustment Project, Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota
Wrzesniewski, A. & Dutton, J.E. (2001). Crafting a job: revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. The Academy Management Review, 26 (2), 179–201.